NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions With Verified Solutions

NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions With Verified Solutions Metabolism - answerthe totality of an organism's chemical reactions Metabolic pathway - answerBegins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product. catabolic pathway - answerrelease energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds anabolic pathways - answerconsume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones - proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids Bioenergetics - answerthe study of how energy flows through living organisms Energy - answerthe capacity to cause change kinetic energy - answerenergy of motion thermal energy - answerkinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules heat - answerthermal energy in transfer from one object to another potential energy - answerenergy that matter possesses because of its location or structure chemical energy - answerpotential energy available for release in a chemical reaction Thermodynamics - answerThe study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. first law of thermodynamics - answerEnergy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed - also called the principle of conservation of energy second law of thermodynamics - answerEvery energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Entropy - answer- a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness - scientists use the term "disorder" to describe how dispersed energy is in a system and how many energy levels are present Chemical reactions - answer- Endergonic ("energy in") - Exergonic ("energy out") - Energy coupling Endergonic - answer- A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed - yields product rich in potential energy - start with reactabr molecules that contain relatively little potential energy but end with products that contain more chemical energy Exergonic - answerChemical reactions that release energy - these reactions release the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants - burning wood releases the energy in glucose as heat and light energy coupling - answerThe use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - answermain energy source that cells use for most of their work - composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrous base), and a chain of three phosphate groups - ATP hydrolysis releases energy and produces ATP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate - the energy released comes from the c