PC707 Module 7 –CNS Exam Questions with 100% Verified Answers

PC707 Module 7 –CNS Exam Questions with 100% Verified Answers Benzodiazepines are used for acute seizure activity. While benzodiazepines are sedating as Schedule IV drugs: - answerthey have a fairly low potential for abuse when used short-term The combination of opioids & benzodiazepines can lead to: - answersevere respiratory depression & death With a high individual safety profile, severe side effects of opioids/benzos can still occur if: - answerused w/ other CNS depressants. Routine daily use of benzos/opiods: - answermay lead to physical dependence & is highly discouraged. For a pt who has chronically used benzodiazepines, abrupt discontinuation can cause: - answerseizures; therefore, discontinuation should be gradually tapered over many weeks. Prescribing for acute anxiety must be for the shortest time possible, as those benzodiazepines w/ the fastest onset of action are associated with? - answerthe highest potential for abuse. Due to their rapid onset of action, these meds are often the most addictive. - answer(Alprazolam/Xanax & Diazepam/Valium) For long-term anxiety treated in a primary care setting, consider what meds indicated for anxiety? - answerSSRI or SNRI The pt will often present w/ severe anxiety & is hoping for quick relief, what can you consider? - answer2-week course of an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine PRN Q 8 hrs. to provide relief until an SSRI/SNRI can take effect. A pharmaceutical challenge for those who are following recommendations for sleep hygiene practices? - answerto simultaneously promote sleep & avoid dependency on meds Ideally, sleep meds should be given for how long? - answershort duration only Benzodiazepine names - answerEstazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam (Restoril). Max usage days for benzos? - answer10 days Rapid dose decreases of discontinuation can cause? - answerwithdrawal symptoms, including anxiety & insomnia Benzodiazepines & the benzodiazepine receptor agonists are not recommended in the elderly because? - answerRisk of cognitive impairment, falls, & fractures If a pt suffers from mild depression & has difficulty w/ sleeping, what is often given before bed due to its sedative effects? - answertrazodone Trazodone produces? Overdose is less of a risk w/ this drug than w/ TCAs. - answera moderate blockade of 5HT reuptake Improves conditions but doesn't cure them: - answerLifestyle changes Once a pt is in remission of depressions, the antidepressant tx should be continued for? - answersix to twelve months in order to promote complete recovery Evidence suggests that often complete remission is: - answernot achieved w/ the first antidepressant tx How long does it take to see an initial effect (after starting a SSRI) & to achieve a full effect? - answer2-3 weeks/up to 6 weeks If a pt complains they are not getting any better after a two-week trial of SSRI, it is important that they are told:. - answerthat it may take six weeks to achieve the maximum benefit from the med Only given in small amounts at a time due to the lethality and overdose risk: - answerTricyclic Antidepressants/TCAs Clients on MAOIs must follow a special diet that: - answerexcludes fermented or aged products Unique smoking cessation medication: - answerBupropion (Zyban) Bupropion benefits - answerthere is less sexual dysfunction reported & also may be associated w/ mild weight loss. Bupropion should not be given to anyone who has a history of: - answerseizure risk When choosing an antidepressant therapy: - answerpts w/ pain may achieve some pain relief w/ the use of duloxetine or a tricyclic The most studied antidepressant for use w/ children & is the only antidepressant recommended for use in children 8 yrs & above. - answerFluoxetine (Prozac) When an adolescent is started on an SSRI, when should follow up/contact be made? - answerone week after initiation, then every week for a month, move to every other week, & then less frequently based on response & any side effects Typically the dose (of antidepressants) is started at one-third to one-half of the usual starting adult dosage because: - answerdecreased renal clearance, reduced hepatic function & frequently reduced albumin levels Who should be referred to a psychiatrist for tx? - answerClients w/ bipolar disorder If bipolar is misdiagnosed as depression only, & an antidepressant is prescribed, this can cause? - answerhypomania or mania in a bipolar pt. The first-line drug class for tx of depression in breastfeeding mothers? - answerSSRIs Sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil) & fluvoxamine (Fluvox) in breastfeeding? - answerFirst choice due to their low excretion into human breast milk Only SSRI not included in first-line for breastfeeding moms: - answerFluoxetine (Prozac) Med toxicity is a risk for the mother as well, especially during labor, & may be temporarily discontinued until the postpartum period. - answerLithium - cat D While uncommon, lithium is associated w/ a risk of: - answercardiovascular defects. The most significant side effects from the atypicals that should be followed by the APRN are: - answercardiometabolic risks: weight gain, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, & accelerated cardiovascular disea