Human Growth and Development CLEP Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

Psychoanalyst - Freud Most important thing to Erickson - Development of trust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler Industry vs. Inferiority - School Age Erik Erickson - Psychoanalyst Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschooler Identity vs. Role Confustion - Adolescent Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young Adult Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Old Age Accommodation - The difference made to one's mind or concepts by the process of assimilation. Class Inclusion - The understanding of more advanced than simple classification, that some classes or sets of objects are also sub-sets of a larger class. Generativity vs. Stagnation - Middle-Age Adult Jean Piaget - Cognitive theorist Classification - The ability to group objects together on the basis of common features. Conservation - The realization that objects or sets of objects stay the same even when they are changed about or made to look different. Developmental Norm - A statistical measure of typical scores for categories of information. Elaboration - Relating new information to something familiar Recognition - The ability to identify correctly something encountered before. Schema - The representation in the mind of a set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions, which go together. Egocentrism - The belief that you are the center of the universe and everything revolves around you. Operation - The process of working something out in your head. Recall - Being able to reproduce knowledge from memory. Stage - A period in a child's development in which he or she is capable of understanding some things but not others. Reflexive Stage (0-2months) - Simple reflex activity such as grasping and sucking. Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8months) - Repetitions of change actions to reproduce interesting consequences such as kicking one's feet to move a mobile suspended over the crib. Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18months) - Discovery of new ways to produce the same consequence or obtain the same goal such as the infant may pull a pillow toward him in an attempt to get a toy resting on it. Preoperational Phase (2-4years) - Increased use of verbal representation but speech is egocentric. Transductive reasoning. Can think about something without the object being present by use of language. Primary Circular Reactions (2-4months) - Reflexive behaviors occur in stereotyped repetition such as opening and closing fingers repetitively. Coordination of Secondary Reactions (8-12months) - Responses become coordinated into more complex sequences. Actions take on an "intentional" character. Invention of New Means Through Mental Combination (18-24months) - Evidence of an internal representational system. Symbolizing the problem solving sequence before actually responding. Deferred imitation. Intuitive Phase (4-7years) - Speech becomes more social, less egocentric. The child has an intuitive grasp of logical concepts in some areas.