Contemporary Issues in Bio: Exam Three Lectures 14-17 Questions and Answers 2024

Contemporary Issues in Bio: Exam Three Lectures 14-17 Questions and Answers 2024 What is nitrogenous waste synonymous with? - Answer- ammonia What happens when protein is broken down in the cells of the body? - Answer- nitrogenous waste (ammonia) is produced and must be eliminated Where is urea removed from the blood? - Answer- by the nephrons in the kidneys What are the steps for the formation of urine? - Answer- 1. amino acids in protein are broken down, resulting in production of ammonia 2. ammonia is converted to urea in liver 3. urea travels in blood to kidneys, where is is removed from blood and incorporated into urine What are the major components of the urinary system? - Answer- - kidneys produce urine - ureters transport urine - urinary bladder stores urine - urethra passes urine to outside What are the functions of the kidney? - Answer- - filter waste from blood - adjust blood levels of many substances (such as potassium) - control your blood pressure - conserve or excrete water from your systems depending on your body's needs What do the arteries of the kidneys do? - Answer- the renal arteries branch out to small capillary beds that reach the nephrons in the kidney How is urine formed by the nephrons? - Answer- - blood pressure forces water and urea from capillaries into nephrons - some of the water moves back into blood - urine is urea and salt concentrated water What is chronically high blood pressure a sign of? - Answer- a kidney/nephron issue How is water balance regulated? - Answer- - brain monitors water content of blood - if low water content, pituitary releases ADH - ADH travels in blood to nephrons - ADH causes more water to move from urine back into blood What are the alcohol effects associated with the kidney? - Answer- - alcohol suppresses ADH production by the pituitary - w/o ADH, higher amounts of water stay in the urine - urine with high concentrations of water leaves the body Where do kidney stones form? - Answer- kidney pelvis