Neonatal mechanical ventilation questions and answers rated A+

Neonatal mechanical ventilation questions and answers rated A+ Indications for neonatal mechanical ventilation (2) ventilator failure & oxygenation failure ventilatory failure PaCO2 > ____ torr with pH < ____ paco2 60 & ph 7.24 oxygenation failure PaO2 < ___ torr on 80-100% O2 SaO2 <____% on 80-100% O2 Pao2 50 sao2 88 Treat oxygenation failure with _____ CPAP/PEEP Increase the FRC- the most common causes of decreased FRC is _____ Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) ___ is also used to keep open the airways of infants to tracheal malacia or other condition in which the airways collapse abnormally--- pneumatic splint CPAP Steps to initiation of CPAP *Obtain baseline ABG values & vital signs *Decide on method of delivery (above or below the glottis) - This decision will be based upon factors such as: neo's gestational age & weight, amount of secretions that need to be suctioned, the pulmonary problem, and the likelihood of MV eventually being necessary. More mature and larger infants with fewer secretions and stable pulmonary conditions can have CPAP effectively applied ____ the glottis by ____ or ____ above the glottis, by nasal prongs or nasopharyngeal tube Less mature and smaller infants who need suctioning and have unstable pulmonary condition my require ____ Intubation CPAP is usually started at about __-__ cmH2O with FiO2 kept at the previously set level and flow rates of __-__ L/min CPAP 4-5, flow of 5-10 *** it is important to make only one adjustment at a time so each change can be evaluated for its own effect*** In general, the PaO2 should be kept between ___ &___ torr, the PaCO2 less than __ to ___, and pH at least ___ Pao2 between 60-70 torr, PaCO2 less than 50-55 torr, and PH at least 7.25 If PaO2 is too low and patients vital signs are acceptable, increase the CPAP in __ cmH2o steps 2 The maximum CPAP level in a neonate is generally held to be ___ cmH2o 12 The maximum CPAP level in an infant is generally held to be ___ cmh2o 15 A sudden decrease in the CPAP level to zero indicates _________ or ________ Disconnection at the patient or somewhere in the breathing circuit If the CPAP level decreased more than 2 cmh2o during ____, the flow is inadequate and should be increased inspiration Too high ___ will be seen as an inadvertently high CPAP