Bio 112 Exam 3 Janes TAMU Latest Update Graded A+

Bio 112 Exam 3 Janes TAMU Latest Update Graded A+ Bryophytes Characteristics Vascular: no Seed Bearing: no Dominant Generation: gametophyte Examples/Phyla: liverwort, mosses, hornwort Special features: use spores, no seeds, need water for reproduction Paleozoic or Mesozoic: Paleozoic Ferns Characteristics Vascular: yes Seed Bearing: no Dominant Generation: sporophyte Examples/Phyla: monilophyta Special features: have sporangium Paleozoic or Mesozoic: Paleozoic Gymnosperms Characteristics Vascular: yes Seed Bearing: yes Dominant Generation: sporophyte Examples/Phyla: cycadophytes, ginkgophytes, gnetophytes, coniferophytes Special features: female cone --> ovule, male cone --> pollen Paleozoic or Mesozoic: Paleozoic Angiosperms Characteristics Vascular: yes Seed Bearing: yes Dominant Generation: sporophyte Examples/Phyla: ambarella, water lilies, star anise, magnoliids, monocots, eudicots Special features: ovules inside pistil, sporophyte inside flower Paleozoic or Mesozoic: Mesozoic Gymnosperms Naked seeds Angiosperms Flowering plants Phloem Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant Xylem Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves Ginkophyta (ginkgo) one extant tree: ginko biloba Cycadophyta (Cycads) fern-like or palm-like fronds radiate from central stem Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) Gymnosperm 1. 3 genera: Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra 2. Strobili resemble flowers 3. Pollen tubes transport non-motile sperm directly to egg Coniferophyta (Conifers) most diverse gymnosperms today, cone-bearers sporophyte and gametophyte generations Sporophyte (2N) --> megasporangium --> megasporocyte --> 4 megaspores (1N) --> ovule (gametophytes!) Sporophyte (2N) --> microsporangium --> microsporocyte --> 4 microspores (1N) --> pollen these come together to form (2N) zygote enclosed in a seed coat monocot characteristics one cotyledon, veins usually parallel, vascular tissue scattered, root system usually fibrous, floral organs usually in multiples of three dicot characteristics Two cotyledons, netlike veins, ringed vascular tissue, taproot, flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5 ovule female reproductive structure of a seed plant where the haploid egg develops pollen tube A tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule. microphyll In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein. megaphyll leaves with a highly branched vascular system megasporangium female sporangia microsporangium male sporangia