Pharmacology NR293 Exam W:1&2
Questions and Correct Answers
*first-pass effect (hepatic first pass)* - correct answers:process in which the drug passes to the liver first
-metabolism of a drug before it becomes systemically available, and reduces bioavailability of the drug.
-primarily occurs with oral medications
-IV doses should be lower than PO doses because of First-pass effect
Nursing Process - correct answers:five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves
assessing(data collection, review, analysis), nursing diagnosing, planning (identification of realistic goals
& concrete patient outcome criteria), implementing (patient education), and evaluating (status of goals
& outcomes, monitoring patients response to drug, therapy (expected & unexpected) responses
-ongoing evolving process that requires critical thinking
QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) - correct answers:a project for preparing future nurses
with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety
of the health care systems within which they work
OSEN initiatives - correct answers:(1) patient centered care
(2) teamwork and collaboration
(3) Evidence based practice (EBP)
(4) Quality Improvement (QI)
(5) Safety
(6) Informatics
IPEC (Interprofessional Education Collaborative) - correct answers:-improve health outcomes
,-develops interpersonal practice
Rights of Medication Administration - correct answers:Right medication (drug)- check medication label &
medication order
Right patient-check name on order/band & patient, ask patient to identify themselves, use bar code
system
Right dose- check order & confirm appropriateness of dose using current drug reference, calculate dose
& have other nurse double check
Right route- check the order & appropriateness of the route ordered & confirm that patient can take or
receive medication by ordered route.
Right time- Check frequency of ordered medication & double-check that ordered dose is given at correct
time, confirm when the last dose was given.
Right reason (indication)-Confirm rationale for the ordered medication What is the patient's history?
Why is he/she taking this medication?
Revisit reasons for long-term medication use.
Right documentation- document administration AFTER giving the ordered medication & chart the time,
route, and any other specific information as necessary
?Right response-Make sure drug led to the desired effect. If an antihypertensive was given, has his/her
blood pressure improved? Does patient verbalize improvement in depression while on an
antidepressant?
Right to refuse -Competent patients have a right to refuse treatment.
Agonists-Antagonists - correct answers:substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response
that is not as strong as that caused by an agonist
,also called (Partial agonist or mixed agonist)
Equianalgesia - correct answers:Ability to provide equivalent pain relief by calculating dosages of
different drugs that provide comparable analgesia
-Ex. Hydromorphone (Dilaudid): 7 times more potent that morphine
if 10mg of morphine was given to patient followed by 1 hr later by hydromorphone 1mg, then patient
receive an equivalent of 17mg of morphine.
Competitive antagonists (antagonists) - correct answers:reverse effects of drugs on pain receptors, bind
to pain receptor & exert no response
Medication Administration Record (MAR) - correct answers:a document that is completed as per agency
policy to verify that a patient's medications were administered as prescribed
medication error - correct answers:Any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate
medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause the patient harm.
*nurse should complete incident error report
Drug - correct answers:any chemical affecting the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - correct answers:study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
*DRUG NAMES* - correct answers:Chemical name- describes drug's chemical composition & molecular
structure
Generic name (nonproprietary name)- name given by US, adopted names
brand name (chemical makeup of drug)
, Trade name (proprietary name)- drug has registered trademark; use of name is restricted by drug's
patent owner (manufacture )
*Drug classification* - correct answers:Categorization, based on various characteristics, including
chemical structure of a drug, the action of a drug, and/or the therapeutic or anatomical use of a drug
*Prototypical drug, 1st drug in class of drugs
Pharmacokinetics - correct answers:The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answers:process by which a medication works (does) on the body.
Pharmacogenomics/Pharmacogenetics - correct answers:study of how genetic inheritance affects the
body's response to drugs
Pharmaceutics - correct answers:the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the
drug affects the body
*dosage form determines drug dissolution rate
Pharmacotherapies - correct answers:treating drugs with other drugs for addiction
*agonists
antagonists
partial agonists
Pharmacognosy - correct answers:study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal
sources.
Questions and Correct Answers
*first-pass effect (hepatic first pass)* - correct answers:process in which the drug passes to the liver first
-metabolism of a drug before it becomes systemically available, and reduces bioavailability of the drug.
-primarily occurs with oral medications
-IV doses should be lower than PO doses because of First-pass effect
Nursing Process - correct answers:five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves
assessing(data collection, review, analysis), nursing diagnosing, planning (identification of realistic goals
& concrete patient outcome criteria), implementing (patient education), and evaluating (status of goals
& outcomes, monitoring patients response to drug, therapy (expected & unexpected) responses
-ongoing evolving process that requires critical thinking
QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) - correct answers:a project for preparing future nurses
with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety
of the health care systems within which they work
OSEN initiatives - correct answers:(1) patient centered care
(2) teamwork and collaboration
(3) Evidence based practice (EBP)
(4) Quality Improvement (QI)
(5) Safety
(6) Informatics
IPEC (Interprofessional Education Collaborative) - correct answers:-improve health outcomes
,-develops interpersonal practice
Rights of Medication Administration - correct answers:Right medication (drug)- check medication label &
medication order
Right patient-check name on order/band & patient, ask patient to identify themselves, use bar code
system
Right dose- check order & confirm appropriateness of dose using current drug reference, calculate dose
& have other nurse double check
Right route- check the order & appropriateness of the route ordered & confirm that patient can take or
receive medication by ordered route.
Right time- Check frequency of ordered medication & double-check that ordered dose is given at correct
time, confirm when the last dose was given.
Right reason (indication)-Confirm rationale for the ordered medication What is the patient's history?
Why is he/she taking this medication?
Revisit reasons for long-term medication use.
Right documentation- document administration AFTER giving the ordered medication & chart the time,
route, and any other specific information as necessary
?Right response-Make sure drug led to the desired effect. If an antihypertensive was given, has his/her
blood pressure improved? Does patient verbalize improvement in depression while on an
antidepressant?
Right to refuse -Competent patients have a right to refuse treatment.
Agonists-Antagonists - correct answers:substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response
that is not as strong as that caused by an agonist
,also called (Partial agonist or mixed agonist)
Equianalgesia - correct answers:Ability to provide equivalent pain relief by calculating dosages of
different drugs that provide comparable analgesia
-Ex. Hydromorphone (Dilaudid): 7 times more potent that morphine
if 10mg of morphine was given to patient followed by 1 hr later by hydromorphone 1mg, then patient
receive an equivalent of 17mg of morphine.
Competitive antagonists (antagonists) - correct answers:reverse effects of drugs on pain receptors, bind
to pain receptor & exert no response
Medication Administration Record (MAR) - correct answers:a document that is completed as per agency
policy to verify that a patient's medications were administered as prescribed
medication error - correct answers:Any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate
medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause the patient harm.
*nurse should complete incident error report
Drug - correct answers:any chemical affecting the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - correct answers:study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
*DRUG NAMES* - correct answers:Chemical name- describes drug's chemical composition & molecular
structure
Generic name (nonproprietary name)- name given by US, adopted names
brand name (chemical makeup of drug)
, Trade name (proprietary name)- drug has registered trademark; use of name is restricted by drug's
patent owner (manufacture )
*Drug classification* - correct answers:Categorization, based on various characteristics, including
chemical structure of a drug, the action of a drug, and/or the therapeutic or anatomical use of a drug
*Prototypical drug, 1st drug in class of drugs
Pharmacokinetics - correct answers:The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answers:process by which a medication works (does) on the body.
Pharmacogenomics/Pharmacogenetics - correct answers:study of how genetic inheritance affects the
body's response to drugs
Pharmaceutics - correct answers:the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the
drug affects the body
*dosage form determines drug dissolution rate
Pharmacotherapies - correct answers:treating drugs with other drugs for addiction
*agonists
antagonists
partial agonists
Pharmacognosy - correct answers:study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal
sources.
