AQA A-Level Psychology – Gender Exam Questions and Answers

AQA A-Level Psychology – Gender Exam Questions and Answers Sex - Answer-Whether an individual is biologically male or female Gender - Answer-The social and psychological characteristics of males and females Sex-role stereotypes - Answer-Types of qualities and characteristics seen as appropriate for each sex Female sex-role stereotypes - Answer-Nurturing, co-operative, domestic, emotional, passive Male sex-role stereotypes - Answer-Strong, independent, physical, aggressive, unemotional Sources of sex-role stereotypes - Answer-Primary socialisation, school, careers, media, culture, Seavey (1975) - Answer-Males and females react differently to a baby according to its perceived gender. Gender is guessed according to perceived strength Urberg (1982) - Answer-Told 3-7y.o. children stories. Children learn sex-role stereotypes early on, but they change with age. Children attribute positive characteristics to their own gender Sood (2014) - Answer-(UK) 12% primary school teachers are male; 3% nursery teachers are male Androgyny - Answer-Co-existence of male and female characteristics within the same individual Bem (1975) - Answer-Androgynous hypothesis - androgyny is a positive and desirable condition Olds (1981) - Answer-Androgyny is a higher developmental stage Bem Sex Role Inventory - Answer-Self-report to measure androgyny. Categorises individuals into; masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated Burchardt & Serbin - Answer-Androgyny is positively correlated with good mental health Taylor & Hall - Answer-Masculinity is a better predictor of psychological well-being than androgyny Chromosomes - Answer-23 pairs in humans. Carry genetic information. Biological sex is determined by the X and Y chromosomes. Hormones - Answer-Chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream from the glands Testosterone - Answer-A steroid hormone that stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Produced by male and females. Masculinisation of the brain and male-type behaviours Young (1966) - Answer-Injected rats with opposite-sex hormones. Caused irreversible changes in gender-related behaviours. Testosterone applications - Answer-Given to men with erectile dysfunction. Given to men and women with low libido