Nursing Pharmacology Final Exam
Drug - ANSany chemical that affects living processes
Pharmacology - ANSthe study of drugs and their effects on living processes (plants, body
tissues, etc.)
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSthe study of drugs in HUMANS
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSthe use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, and treat illnesses as well
as to prevent pregnancy
Minimal Effective Concentration - ANSthe smallest dose of a drug that produces the desired
effect
Toxic Concentration - ANSthe dose of a drug that produces toxic effects
Therapeutic Range - ANSbetween the MEC & the TC; gets desired effect(s) from drug without
toxic side effects
P450 System - ANSan enzyme that alters drug metabolism
-accelerates renal excretion
-inactivates drug
-enhances drug
-activates prodrugs
Prodrugs - ANSdrugs that are not activated (inert) until they pass through the liver
First-pass Effect - ANSdeactivation of drug by liver after GI absorption
Drug Half-Life - ANStime it takes for drug levels to decrease by 50%
-it takes five half-lives to maintain a normal therapeutic range
Loading Dose - ANSdrugs with short half-lives get a larger initial dose in order to achieve
therapeutic range
Maintenance Dose - ANSsmall doses given to maintain therapeutic range
ED50 (Average Effective Dose) - ANSthe dose that produces the desired effects in 50% of the
population
Therapeutic Index - ANS= LD50 / ED50
, -average lethal dose / average effective dose
-the higher the number, the safer the drug
Alpha1 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic Receptor
-vasculature
-vasoconstriction
-pupil dilation
-ejaculation
-bladder neck contraction
Alpha2 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic Receptor
-minimal
Beta1 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic receptor
-heart & kidney
-increase HR, force of contraction & velocity of conduction
-Renin release
Beta2 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic receptor
-bronchodilation
-relaxation of uterine muscle
-glycogenolysis
Nicotinic n - ANSParaympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-promotes release of epinephrine
Nicotinic m - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-contraction of skeletal muscle
M1 Receptor - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-muscarinic
-salivary/CNS
-increases salivation and cognition
M2 Receptor - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-muscarinic
Drug - ANSany chemical that affects living processes
Pharmacology - ANSthe study of drugs and their effects on living processes (plants, body
tissues, etc.)
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSthe study of drugs in HUMANS
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSthe use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, and treat illnesses as well
as to prevent pregnancy
Minimal Effective Concentration - ANSthe smallest dose of a drug that produces the desired
effect
Toxic Concentration - ANSthe dose of a drug that produces toxic effects
Therapeutic Range - ANSbetween the MEC & the TC; gets desired effect(s) from drug without
toxic side effects
P450 System - ANSan enzyme that alters drug metabolism
-accelerates renal excretion
-inactivates drug
-enhances drug
-activates prodrugs
Prodrugs - ANSdrugs that are not activated (inert) until they pass through the liver
First-pass Effect - ANSdeactivation of drug by liver after GI absorption
Drug Half-Life - ANStime it takes for drug levels to decrease by 50%
-it takes five half-lives to maintain a normal therapeutic range
Loading Dose - ANSdrugs with short half-lives get a larger initial dose in order to achieve
therapeutic range
Maintenance Dose - ANSsmall doses given to maintain therapeutic range
ED50 (Average Effective Dose) - ANSthe dose that produces the desired effects in 50% of the
population
Therapeutic Index - ANS= LD50 / ED50
, -average lethal dose / average effective dose
-the higher the number, the safer the drug
Alpha1 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic Receptor
-vasculature
-vasoconstriction
-pupil dilation
-ejaculation
-bladder neck contraction
Alpha2 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic Receptor
-minimal
Beta1 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic receptor
-heart & kidney
-increase HR, force of contraction & velocity of conduction
-Renin release
Beta2 Receptors - ANSSympathetic
-Adrenergic receptor
-bronchodilation
-relaxation of uterine muscle
-glycogenolysis
Nicotinic n - ANSParaympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-promotes release of epinephrine
Nicotinic m - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-contraction of skeletal muscle
M1 Receptor - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-muscarinic
-salivary/CNS
-increases salivation and cognition
M2 Receptor - ANSParasympathetic
-cholinergic receptor
-muscarinic
