Psych 100 Crosby Exam 2 With complete solutions

Psych 100 Crosby Exam 2 With complete solutions consciousness - answera person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment -- used to organize behavior waking consciousness - answer-thoughts, feelings, sensations are clear -the person is alert and experiences are clear -able to use information to direct our behaviors and senses altered state of consciousness - answer-shift of consciousness from waking -shift in quality or pattern in mental activity -changes in alertness, divided consciousness ex. SLEEP circadian rhythm - answera cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour period hypothalamus - answertiny section of brain that influences the glandular system suprachiasmatic nucleus - answerinternal clock that tells people to wake up/fall asleep -sensitive to light -helps regulate rhythm - stimulates release of melatonin sleep deprivation - answerany significant loss of sleep consequences of sleep deprivation - answer-cognitive performances -emotional reactivity = more emotional to events, shorter temper -physical health = life expectancy decrease, obesity WHY WE SLEEP: adaptive theory - answeras humans, we evolve patterns of sleep to aid in survival WHY WE SLEEP: restorative theory - answerrelationship between our sleep and health -feel better when we sleep -glial cells, hormones, bodily processes -sleep allows body to rejuvenate WHY WE SLEEP: memory consolidation - answersleep is the time to decide what memories to keep and what memories can go away WHY WE SLEEP: creative thinking/problem solving - answersleep provides us time to do creative thinking WHY WE SLEEP: growth - answergrowth hormones are expressed that help us to grow, regulate body weight stages of sleep - answerREM sleep and non-REM sleep non-REM sleep - answer-quiet sleep -activity of brain is reduced stages of non-REM sleeps - answerstage 1: light sleep, hypnic jerk, hypnagogic images stage 2: temperature, breathing and heart rate decreases; sleep spindles -body functions decline -not hard to wake up stage 3: growth hormones are released; hard to wake up -restorative processes REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement) - answer-active sleep -use EEG to help determine what stage of sleep -most of dreams occur 90% REM paralysis - answerthe inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep developmental differences in REM sleep - answerREM sleep decreases over time -age 0-4: 50% in REM sleep (bc neuron connections are forming) -adults: 20% in REM sleep REM behavior disorder - answermechanism that typically blocks the movement of voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and get up and act out nightmares -paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is incomplete or absent -mostly affects older males -partly caused by pons not functioning sleepwalking - answeroccurs during deep sleep; moving around or walking around in one's sleep -non-REM sleep -most common in child