Pediatrics exam toddler questions and answers 2024

Pediatrics exam toddler questions and answers 2024 The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. What finding would be a concern for the nurse? A) The toddler gained 4 lb in weight since last year. B) The toddler gained 3 inches in height since last year. C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed. D) The circumference of the child's head increased 1 in since last year. - Answer-Ans: C Feedback: The anterior fontanel should be closed by the time the child is 18 months old. The average toddler weight gain is 3 to 5 lb per year. Length/height increases by an average of 3 in per year. Head circumference increases about 1 in from when the child is between 1 and 2 years of age, then increases an average of a half inch per year until age 5. 2. The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description? A) Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. B) Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. Downloaded by: yacinejniyah | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 2 C) Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. D) Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2. - Answer-Ans: A Feedback: Myelination of the brain and spinal cord continues to progress and is complete around 24 months of age. Alveoli reach adult numbers usually around the age of 7. Urine output in a toddler typically averages 1 mL/kg/hour. Abdominal musculature in a toddler is weak, resulting in a pot-bellied appearance. 3. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old toddler methods of dealing with their child's "negativism." Based on Erikson's theory of development, what would be an appropriate intervention for this child? A) Discourage solitary play; encourage playing with other children. B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes. C) Use "time-outs" whenever the child says "no" inappropriately. D) Encourage the child to take turns when playing games. - Answer-Ans: B Feedback: Erikson defines the toddler period as a time of autonomy versus shame and doubt. It is a time of exerting independence. Allowing the child to choose his own clothes helps him to assert his independence. Negativism and always saying "no" is a normal part of healthy development and is occurring as a result of the toddler's attempt to assert his or her independence. It should not be punished with "time-outs." The toddler should be encouraged to play alone and with other children. Toddlers cannot take turns in games until age 3. The nurse is caring for a toddler who is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which task would the nurse expect the toddler to be able to perform? A) Completing puzzles with four pieces B) Winding up a mechanical toy C) Playing make-believe with dolls D) Knowing which are his or her toys - Answer-Ans: D Feedback: The toddler in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development (18 to 24 months) understands requests, is capable of following simple directions, and has a sense of ownership (knowing which toys are his). The other tasks are accomplished by the child in the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years). 5. The nurse is observing a 24-month-old boy in a day care center. Which finding suggests delayed motor development? A) The child has trouble undressing himself. B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower. C) The child is unable to unscrew a jar lid. D) The child falls when he bends over. - Answer-Ans: B