Consumer Behavior Exam 1 - Questions with Verified Answers

Consumer Behavior Exam 1 - Questions with Verified Answers According to Maslow's theory, _____ is the need for self-fulfillment and enriching experiences. egoistic involvement self-contentment societal need physiological need self-actualization Which of the following statements is true of the original Maslow's hierarchy? Needs are not always ordered exactly as in this hierarchy. Lower-order needs are always fulfilled before higher-order needs. Ordering of needs are always consistent across individuals or cultures. The hierarchy takes into consideration the intensity of needs. The hierarchy considers the resulting effect on motivation. _____ are needs that relate to the meaning of our consumption behaviors to ourselves and to others. Social needs Functional needs Non-social needs Symbolic needs Hedonic needs Consumers with a(n) _____ enjoy being involved in mentally taxing activities like reading and deeply processing information when making decisions. high need for cognition high optimum stimulation level low need for cognition low need for conation low need for perception Consumers with a(n) _____ tend to be involved in shopping and seeking brand information. high need for cognition high optimum stimulation level low need for cognition low need for conation low need for perception A(n)_____ is the inner struggle about which offering to acquire when each can satisfy an important but different need. approach-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict closed-sided contradiction open-sided contradiction avoidance contradiction _____ occurs when a consumer must choose between two or more equally desirable options that fulfill different needs. Approach-avoidance conflict Approach-approach conflict Close-ended contradiction Open-sided contradiction Preventive contradiction Marketers can use _____ to uncover consumers' needs wherein they ask consumers to interpret a set of relatively ambiguous stimuli. scanner data direct observations indirect techniques physiological measurements electronic trackers _____ are a particular end state or outcome that a person would like to achieve. Subjective needs Values Goals Societal ethics Brand loyalties A survey has been conducted by different groups of marketers to find out the taste interests of cake lovers. The survey reveals that some groups of consumers like low-sugar cakes and other groups of consumers like rich, fondant cakes. In this scenario, marketers are most likely to use consumer needs, goals, or values to: create new requirements for consumers. create new marketing beliefs. heighten emotional awareness. segment the market. stimulate cognitions. Which of the following statements is true of prevention-focused consumers? They are highly receptive to new products. They tend to be the target for marketers launching a new product. They are motivated to act in ways to achieve positive outcomes. They tend to preserve the status quo by staying with the option they know. They focus on hopes, wants, and accomplishments. Which of the following statements is true of perceived risk? It is high when positive outcomes are unlikely. It is high when an old service or product is offered. It is high when an offering has a low price. It is high when an offering is technologically simple. It is high when negative outcomes are likely. Perceived risk is the extent to which a consumer: has the fear of using a product. has planned the consequences of an action. has spent time using and considering a product or service. anticipates negative consequences of an action. considers the potential rewards of using a particular product or service. Perceived risk can be associated with any product or service, but it tends to be higher when: the offering has a high price. the offering is old. a consumer confidently evaluates the offering. a lot of information is available about the offering. the opinions of others are not considered important. Which of the following is a type of perceived risk? Performance risk Recognition risk Information risk Literacy risk Business risk _____ refers to the extent to which buying, using, or disposing of an offering is perceived to have the potential to harm one's safety.