NR 503-MIDTERM EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TOP GRADED 2024

Epidemiology - Science of public health. Study of disease within populations & risk factors. Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the individual. Servers to find the "why" of a disease & then to analyze the disease screening, treatment, prevention, and monitoring. population health - focuses on risk, data, demographics, and outcomes Outcomes - End result that follows an intervention Aggregate - defined population Community - Multiple aggregates Data - Compiled information Prevalence - Existence of a disease. Number of all cases of the disease Incidence - Measures appearance of a disease over a period of time. Surveillance - Collection, analysis, and dissemination of data. High-risk - An increased chance of poor health outcomes Morbidity - Presence of illness in a population Mortality - Tracking deaths in an aggregate Vital statistics - statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces Cases - Criterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event Social Justice - The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities-including the right to good health Inter-professional collaboration - Collaborative action oriented toward a common goal of improving quality & safety of patient care. Involves responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperation, assertiveness, mutual respect, and autonomy. HP2020 - 4 goals: 1) attain high-quality lives preventable disease 2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups 3) create social and physical environments that promote good health. 4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and health Determinants of Care - Range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status Risk Analysis - Characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards health disparities - Differences of health statuses between various populations. Sensitivity - Measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition) Specificity - True negative rate Measures actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of healthy people who are correctly ID's as not having the condition) Positive Predictive Value (PPV) - Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease Epidemiological triangle - Triad with an external agent, host, and an environment that cause the disease. Environmental factors and genetics play a role. Disease transmitted directly or indirectly. Outright symptoms or subclinical disease. Confounding Variable - Extra variable not accounted for and can ruin the experiment.