BIO 334 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIO 334 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Shape of vertebrae - Answer-hourglass shape to help with compressive support Different shapes of spine - Answer-cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumber lordosis, sacral kyphosis Lordosis - Answer-inward curve kyphosis - Answer-outward curve bone mineral density of vertebra - Answer-more dense in anterior-inferior region intervertebral disc description - Answer-has fibrocartilage (annulus fibrosus), highly organized, criss cross arrangement of annulus fibrosus (edge) Motion ranks (best to worst) of spine - Answer-flexion, extension, side-bending, rotation What does compression of spine cause? - Answer--causes hoop stress on disc (pushes disc to edges) What provides support for spinal compression? - Answer--fibrocartilage rings -annulus fibrous -anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments What movement constitutes bending of the spine? - Answer-flexion/extension What does bending of the spine cause? - Answer--pushes disc posteriorly onto nerves -sciatic pain What limits spinal flexion? - Answer--muscle tightness -anterior pelvic rotation What limits spinal extension - Answer--spinous processes What limits spinal side-bending? - Answer--facet joints -intervertebral discs What limits spinal rotation? - Answer--facet joints -intervertebral discs What helps support spinal rotation? - Answer-criss-cross arrangement of collagen fibers of annulus fibrosus decrease the load on individual discs What force is our body built to best sustain? - Answer-compression forces (12000N) Typical activities that cause compression forces - Answer--carrying backpacks -running/walking -sports (gymnastics) -weight lifting -falls -certain occupations Consequences of compression forces - Answer--intervertebral buldges/ruptures can lead to radiating pain, numbness, weakness, asymmetry, and change in cobb angle What is the typical amount of shear forces that the body withstands in the spine throughout the day? - Answer-1000N Shear forces of the spine activities - Answer--rowing -improper lifting -car crash (whiplash) -falls (feet slip out and you fall down) Are most actions shear or compression forces? - Answer-a combination What was the purpose of the Neushwander study? - Answer-to measure the lumbar spine response to typical school backpack loads in healthy children