The Endocrine System MCAT Exam Questions with Correct Answers

Exocrine glands - Answer-Release enzymes to the external environment through ducts Endocrine glands - Answer-Release hormones directly into body fluids Receptors - Answer-Hormones bind to these proteins and they are highly specific for one type of hormone Peptide hormones - Answer-Hormones derived from peptides that may be large or small and often include carbohydrate portions. Manufactured in the rough ER. Water soluble Steroid hormones - Answer-Hormones derived from and often chemically similar to cholesterol. Formed in a series of steps taking place mainly in the smooth ER and mitochondria. They are lipids and require a protein transport molecule in order to dissolve into the blood stream Tyrosine derivatives - Answer-Hormones formed by enzymes in the cytosol or on the rough ER Effector - Answer-Target cell of the peptide hormone, the cell that the hormone is meant to effect Intracellular second messenger - Answer-When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor may activate another messenger Peptide hormones: Anterior pituitary hormones (adenohypophysis) - Answer-GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, ACTH Peptide hormones: Posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis) - Answer-Oxytocin, ADH/Vasopressin Peptide hormones: Parathyroid hormones - Answer-PTH Peptide hormones: Pancreatic hormones - Answer-Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon Steroid hormones: glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids of the adrenal cortex - Answer-Cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone Steroid hormones: the gonadal hormones - Answer-estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone