Chapter 1 - Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action 2024

Chapter 1 - Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action 2024 Name and describe the images of nursing throughout the decades. 1. Angel of mercy -this image grew out of the influence of religion and the risks inherent to the practice of nursing -images of the angel-nurse are usually serene and content, with a halo or other religious symbol 2. Battle-ax -the image of the nurse as a battle-ax emerged as science and philosophy grew popular during the 17th century, when religious orders became less common -a more recent historical example is found in the 1975 film, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, in which Nurse Ratched personifies the nurse as the battle-ax or torturer, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain 3. Professional -Florence Nightingale kept meticulous notes and statistics that were used for advocating and obtaining changes in healthcare -she used her political connections and social standing to return nursing to a respectable profession -the Nightingale School for Nurses was opened in 1860 and is considered the first official nursing program 4. Military -throughout the last century (the 1900s), nurses were frequently portrayed in uniform providing support at the battlefield, and nurses are still often characterized as warriors fighting disease -the impact of wars has had positive influences on the development of nursing as a profession -nurses took the lead in providing care to the sick, wounded, and dying soldiers in each of the following wars, which highlighted the need for nurses to be trained: American Civil War; Spanish American War; World Wars I and II; and the Korean, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan conflicts 5. Handmaiden -this stereotype portrays the male physician in the dominant role, with the female nurse merely assisting the doctor, or perhaps supporting the patient at the bedside -this image grew out of the nurse's early limited role in healing, from the legal and financial authority of physicians, and from the nur Televisions shows or movies that depict nurses as mean, cruel torturers are reflective of which "image" of a nurse? -battle-ax -the image of the "battle-ax" shows the nurse as an uncaring, cruel torturer -this image is displayed by Nurse Ratched in the movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Discuss how being caring was demonstrated in each of the images of the nurse throughout history. 1. Angel of mercy -this image grew out of the influence of religion and the risks inherent to the practice of nursing -images of the angel-nurse are usually serene and content, with a halo or other religious symbol 2. Battle-ax -the image of the nurse as a battle-ax emerged as science and philosophy grew popular during the 17th century, when religious orders became less common -in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, the nurse was cruel, treating her patients with disdain 3. Professional -the nurse advocates for and effects changes in healthcare -Nightingale used political connections and social standing to return nursing to a respectable profession -professionals are educated in schools 4. Military -portrayed as supporting patients at the battlefield -as warriors fighting disease -they took the lead in providing care to the sick, wounded, and dying -they were trained 5. Handmaiden -this was a subservient role to the superior, dominant male physician -the nurse merely assisted the doctor and/or supported the patient at the bedside -her role in healing was limited, and they were employees Relate each competency of "Provide goal-directed, client-centered care" to the actions of Florence Nightingale and her nurses. 1. Establish mutual goals with clients -wounded soldiers were partners in their care -nurses were in charge of the care and did not incorporate the soldier's wants or desires -this was a different time period and environmental conditions were not stellar 2. Show respect for client values, religious beliefs, needs, and preferences -same as 1^ 3. Implement interventions to promote client comfort -following Florence Nightingale's lead, the nurses' primary goal was to provide effective care and promote comfort of the soldiers -this is clearly depicted in the scenario and in the readings related to Florence Nightingale -there may be various views from students as to how this was accomplished 4. Provide client education to foster informed decisions and involvement in care and to facilitate post-discharge health -Florence Nightingale and the nurses educated the soldiers on the importance of fresh air, nutritious meals, good hygiene, etc Describe nursing today. 1. Nurses are competent and caring professionals 2. The complexity of healthcare delivery requires that nurses use critical thinking, communication, organization, leadership, advocacy, and technical skills to ensure that patients receive safe and effective care Name and describe thinking skills. 1. Clinical judgment -involves observing, comparing, contrasting, and evaluating the client's condition to determine whether change has occurred -it also involves careful consideration of the client's health status in light of what is expected based on the client's condition, medications, and treatment 2. Critical thinking -reflective thinking process that involves collecting information, analyzing the adequacy and accuracy of the information, and carefully considering options for action -nurses use critical thinking in every aspect of nursing care 3. Problem-solving -process by which nurses consider an issue and attempt to find a satisfactory solution to achieve the best outcomes -you will often use problem-solving in your professional life List the definitions of nursing. -American Nurses Association (ANA) 1980: the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems -ANA 2010: nursing practice is individualized -nurses care by establishing partnerships -caring is central to the practice of the RN -RNs use the nursing process to plan and provide individualized care to the healthcare consumers -a strong link exists between the professional work environment and the RN's ability to provide quality healthcare and achieve optimal outcomes -ANA 2015: nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations Why define nursing? 1. Helps the public understand the value of nursing 2. Helps differentiate activities of nursing from those of medicine 3. Helps students understand what is expected of them Name important qualities for nurses. 2. Caring and compassionate 3. Detail oriented 4. Organizational skills 5. Speaking skills 6. Listening skills 7. Patience 8. Competence 9. Emotional stability 10. Physical stamina 1. Critical-thinking skills Describe nursing as a profession, occupation, or discipline. -technical and scientific knowledge -be evaluated by a community of peers -have a service orientation and a code of ethics 2. Occupation -nursing is often described as an occupation or job -most nurses are hourly wage earners 1. Profession