NUR 641- Advanced Pharm & Patho Questions and Answers with complete

The goal of ____ therapy is elimination of the pathogenic microorganism. - Answer-Antibiotic The type of antibiotics that work by killing the organism - Answer-Bactericidal The type of antibiotics that work by inhibiting the growth until the organism is destroyed by the individuals own protective mechanisms - Answer-Bacteriostatic The mechanisms of most antibiotics - Answer-1. Inhibition of the function of the production of the cell wall 2. Prevention of protein synthesis 3. Blockage of DNA replication 4. Interference with folic acid metabolism Employed to suppress resistant organisms (combination of drugs used to treat an ailment including TB & Leprosy) - Answer-Multidrug Therapy 4 types of transmission - Answer-1. Direct Transmission 2. Indirect Transmission 3. Horizontal Transmission 4. Vertical Transmission Type of transmission that includes: kissing, sexual contact, oral secretions, or contact with body lesions; person to person, droplet, touches/exchanges in body fluids, sneezing, coughing, STDs - Answer-Direct Transmission Type of transmission that includes: airborne transmission (Measles), contaminated objects, food and drinking water, person-animal contact, animal reservoirs (anthrax, rabies), insect bites (malaria/west nile virus), environmental reservoirs (soil/water) - Answer-Indirect Transmission Type of transmission between members of the same species that are not in a parent- child relationship - Answer-Horizontal TransmissionType of transmission from parent to offspring, via placenta, breast milk, direct contact after birth, HIV - Answer-Vertical Transmission 5 stages of infection - Answer-1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Acute 4. Convalescent 5. Resolution 3 stages of the inflammatory response - Answer-1. Inflammatory response 2. Repair and Regeneration 3. Remodeling and Maturation Stage of the inflammatory response in which healing of acute injuries begins - Answer-Inflammatory Stage of inflammatory response in which there is new collagen formation - Answer-Repair and Regeneration Aspirin, Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Etodolac, Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, Meloxicam, Nabumetone, Naproxen, Oxaproxin, Salsalate, and Acetaminophen are all examples of what drug class? - AnswerNSAIDS Medication class that works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis - Answer-NSAIDS Adverse effects of NSAIDS - Answer-GI bleed, dyspepsia, increased risk of bleeding, can displace other highly bound proteins including warfarin, headache, dizziness, confusion, tinnitus Two types of corticosteroids - Answer-Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids Type of corticosteroids that promote normal intermediary metabolism, increase resistance to stress, alter blood levels in plasma, and have anti-inflammatory actions - Answer-GlucocorticoidsType of corticosteroids that control fluid status and concentration of electrolytes (sodium and potassium) - Answer-Mineralcorticoids Where are cortocosteriods metabolized? - Answer-Liver Adverse effects of corticosteroids - Answer-Suppress calcium absorption, redistribute body fat (puffy face, hirsutism, and increase appetite), cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypokalemia, peripheral edema, and increase risk of infection The time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the plasma or the total amount to be reduced by 50% - Answer-Half life What the body does to the drug - Answer-Pharmacokinetics