CPNRE chapter 8 - pediatric nursing Exam 2024

CPNRE chapter 8 - pediatric nursing Exam 2024 three primary functions of the family -Answer-1. provide physical care (food, clothing, shelter, safety, illness prevention 2. educating/training language, values, morals, education 3. protecting psychological/emotional health erikson's theory of psychosocial development -Answer-1. trust vs mistrust (birth-1) -trust vs neglect 2. autonomy vs shame (1-3) -independence vs things interfering with child feeling adequacy 3. initiative vs guilt (3-5) -assert power by leading play vs 4. industry vs inferiority (6-11) -sense of accomplishment vs failure 5. identify vs confusion (12-18) -clarification of who you are vs failure of society to give define role 6. intimacy vs isolation (19-35) -relationships vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation (35-50) -mentor vs self absorbed 8. ego integrity vs despair (50+) -acceptance of life vs living in past piagets theory of cognitive development -Answer-1. sensorimotor (0-2) -experience world through senses, actions, imitation -object permanence & stranger anxiety 2. preoperational (2-6) -words/images -lack logical reasoning, magical thinking -egocentric, pretend play -non reversibility 3. concrete operational (7-11) -logical thinking, consider other POV 4. formal operational (12-adult) -abstract reasoning, logic, moral reasoning kohlbergs theory of moral development -Answer-1. preconventional -do what is right r/t fear of punishment -do what is right for gains 2. conventional -gain approval/avoid disapproval 3. post conventional -do what is right even if against law bc law is restrictive -achieve justice cleft lip and palate -Answer-congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth (cleft indicates a fissure) cleft lip and palate symptoms -Answer-cleft lip -notched vermilion border -dental abnormalities cleft palate -midline/bilateral cleft -extension from uvula, exposed nasal cavities cleft lip and palate treatment -Answer--surgery to repair lip at 3-6 months -surgery to repair palate at 1 year depending on size of child -recurrent otitis media treated -modified feeding techniques gastroesophageal reflux -Answer-regurgitation of gastric contents into esophagus -r/t emesis, failure to thrive, aspiration pneumonia, coughing, choking, dyspnea -diagnosed by barium swallow, upper GI series, ultrasound, endoscopy gastroesophageal reflux symtoms -Answer--emesis after meals -hiccups -reccurent otitis media from secretions pooled in nasopharynx -irritability gastroesophageal reflux treatment -Answer--small frequent feedings -protein content should be broken down -infant in prone position with head elevated or ride side lying -antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, mucosal protectants -surgery (fundoplication) to prevent future reflex hirschsprung disease -Answer-distention of lower colon r/t lack of nerve cells in colon wall -diagnosed by barium enema, rectal biopsy hirschsprung disease symptoms -Answer--constipation -lack of meconium in first 24 hours -abdominal distention -bile stained mucus and emesis -inadequate weight gain hirschsprung disease treatment -Answer--bowel resection with temp colostomy -NG tube to low suction -axillary temp not rectal -NPO, IV fluids and electrolytes -observe for rectal bleeding, abdominal distension omphalocele -Answer-abdominal organs protrude through opening in abdominal wall -keep omphalocele covered with sterile moist gauze until srugery where organs are returned back -post surgery mechanical ventilation, NG, parenteral nutritio