Coaching Principles Test, Coaching Principles Test 2 Questions And Answers

Coaching Principles Test, Coaching Principles Test 2 Feedback from others on how they see and react to a coach is a good way to increase the coach's self-awareness. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false A good way to develop a coaching philosophy is to make as many people happy as possible. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false What is the drawback when a coach bases her self-esteem on wins and losses in competition? Answer: E - ANS a. The coach loses more athletic events. b. The distance between the coach's public self and her real self increases. c. Her athletes perceive the coach as weak when she loses. d. The coach gains some control of her self-esteem. e. The coach loses some control of her self-esteem. In order for coaches and athletes to keep winning in proper perspective, what goal should they emphasize? Answer: E - ANS a. avoiding losses to less skilled opponents b. being rewarded for winning c. learning how to win consistently d. learning how to lose without complaint e. striving to win What does the coaching philosophy "Athletes first, winning second" emphasize? Answer: D - ANS a. Competitive sports for adolescents should be eliminated. b. Cooperative games in which no score is kept are more important to athletes than winning. c. Winning is important only after athletes have matured. d. Winning must be kept in perspective by a greater concern for the development of the athletes. e. b and c The motto "Athletes first, winning second" suggests that winning should be a low priority for a team. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false When athletes and coaching assistants are empowered, they are more likely to believe they are making a positive contribution to the team. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false When a coach permits athletes to make most of the decisions, encourages them to just play and have a good time, and avoids dealing with discipline problems, what is the coach's primary coaching style? Answer: E - ANS a. command style b. cooperative style c. games style d. integrated style e. submissive style When a coach makes winning the primary objective even when it stifles the athletes' motivation and enjoyment, what is the coach's primary coaching style? Answer: B - ANS a. games style b. command style c. cooperative style d. integrated style e. submissive style The submissive style of coaching assumes the coach knows when to direct the athletes and when to allow the athletes to make decisions for themselves. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false As defined by Thomas Lickona, good character consists of three attributes. The first two are knowing the good and desiring the good. What is the third attribute? Answer: B - ANS a. believing the good b. doing the good c. encouraging the good d. rewarding the good e. focusing on the good A coach is likely to have the greatest effect on athletes' lives by teaching them about Answer: A - ANS a. character development b. proficiency in technical skills c. proficiency in tactical skills d. physical conditioning e. b and c When mild hazing causes no physical discomfort, it is a harmless initiation ritual that helps to build team cohesiveness. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false When athletes demonstrate appropriate ethical behavior, the coach should reward the behavior even if it is not exactly what the coach would have demonstrated. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false What should a coach do when working with an athlete with a disability? Answer: E - ANS a. Focus the coaching on what the athlete cannot do. b. Increase the competitive risks and failures the athlete has to deal with. c. Treat the athlete as more special than other athletes who are not disabled. d. Assist the athlete even when she does not request assistance. e. Disqualify the athlete if her disability creates a high risk to her well-being. The expectations of teachers and coaches can affect how athletes with low self-esteem tend to perform. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false Typically, an athlete's peer group provides the most influence on the athlete's thinking and life choices when the athlete is in what stage of development? Answer: C - ANS a. preadolescence (9 to 10 years) b. early adolescence (11 to 14 years) c. middle adolescence (15 to 17 years) d. late adolescence (18 to 21 years) e. adulthood (21+ years) What should a coach do to more effectively coach athletes of varying cultural backgrounds? Answer: A - ANS a. Understand the athletes' cultural heritages and how they might influence his coaching. b. Expect all athletes to display the same emotions and attitudes. c. Ignore cultural differences among athletes. d. Avoid discussing prejudices with athletes. e. all of these Athletes should be matched for competition based on their chronological age to prevent the risk of injury to younger athletes. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false A coach who uses active listening should interrupt athletes frequently to clarify what they mean. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false What is the difference between content and emotion in communication? Answer: B - ANS a. Content is expressed nonverbally, and emotion is expressed verbally. b. Content is the substance of the message, and emotion is how you feel about it. c. Emotion mostly affects the messages you send, and content mostly affects the messages you receive. d. Generally, coaches are better at controlling the emotion of their messages rather than the substance of their messages. e. b and c An important benefit of active listening is that it enables a coach to Answer: d - ANS a. focus on the athletes' thought processes rather than their emotions b. discourage discussion of the athletes' problems and fears unrelated to the sport c. increase the opportunities to express sympathy d. respond more constructively to the athletes e. decrease the coach's influence by increasing the athletes' independence A coach whose communication style is direct, confident, constructive, and two-way uses which communication style? Answer: B - ANS a. command b. cooperative c. games d. integrated e. submissive Intimidating movements, hostile gestures, and joyful facial expressions are examples of nonverbal communication. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false Success-oriented athletes think winning is a consequence of their abilities, and they think occasional failures are caused by their insufficient efforts. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false What is a characteristic of the most effective goals for athletes? Answer: A - ANS a. They are based on performance. b. They are based on outcomes. c. They are challenging and frequently unrealistic. d. They are developed for the team. e. They are developed by the coach. What coaching approach probably creates the greatest anxiety among athletes? Answer: E - ANS a. using a variety of drills and activities b. setting realistic yet challenging goals c. giving a pep talk to athletes with low motivation d. neglecting to specify team goals e. creating uncertainty about who will start the next game A coach's perception of the coaching situations that challenge him has little effect on the stress the coach feels. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false The most effective goals for an athlete to use in evaluating his success are goals that are set by the coach and by the Answer: A - ANS a. athlete b. athletes' peer group c. parents d. school e. team Keeping athletes involved and challenged will help them experience optimal activation. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false When a coach listens to athletes and shows them that he cares, the coach's actions contribute most to which step in preventive discipline? Answer: A - ANS a. Create the right team culture. b. Develop team rules. c. Create team routines. d. Conduct exciting practices. e. Catch them doing good. What is appropriate to discuss at team meetings? Answer: B - ANS a. an athlete's mistakes in the previous contest b. problems the team has executing specific plays c. an athlete's apparent drug use d. the announcement of who did not make the team e. a and b Athletes who play for intrinsic rewards seldom maintain the long-term motivation needed for success in sport. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false Positive discipline includes preventive discipline and corrective discipline. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false Team routines should be Answer: e - ANS a. as specific as possible b. determined by the coach and the team c. determined solely by the coach d. consistent and unchanging e. a and c Negative discipline is effective in the short term and in the long term. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false The traditional approach to coaching teaches the whole game, and then it refines the parts. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false What best describes the purpose of using the freeze replay in the games approach? Answer: a - ANS a. to improve a specific technical skill through repetition b. to improve the athletes' concentration c. to explain a specific rule of the game d. to draw out the key elements of good play e. a and c When a coach develops a plan of action for all of her team's contests against conference opponents, what is her plan called? Answer: d - ANS a. a technical skills list b. a sport techniques list c. a tactical skills list d. a game plan checklist e. a team strategy During the practice stage of learning, how can a coach be most effective in helping athletes learn? Answer: e - ANS a. When an athlete knows he made an error and how to correct it, immediately provide corrective feedback before the athlete has a chance to correct the error on his own. b. Focus the athletes' mental activity on refining the timing and coordination of the movements. c. Withhold positive reinforcement when the athletes perform a technical skill correctly. d. Focus the athletes' mental activity on the advanced skills they should learn after the practice stage. e. Increase the frequency and duration of verbal cues and feedback. A very common coaching mistake is to provide inaccurate feedback and advice on how to correct errors. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false What are the three stages of learning? Answer: C - ANS a. mental, physical, and practice b. mental, physical, and emotional c. mental, practice, and automatic d. mental, practice, and performance e. mental, performance, and automatic In the early stages of learning, an athlete's sensory feedback plus feedback from the coach is often more effective than sensory feedback alone. Answer: A - ANS a. true b. false Which guideline should a coach follow in teaching a technical skill? Answer: E - ANS a. Vary the routine for starting each teaching session. b. Tell athletes not to ask questions until the introduction and demonstration are completed. c. Ignore athletes who are not attending and focus on those who are. d. Take at least 10 minutes to introduce the skill in great detail. e. Name the skill using its common name or a short, descriptive title. The best way to help your athletes learn to make good decisions in complicated game situations is to have them practice only simple tactics and NOT complex tactics. Answer: B - ANS a. true b. false In comparison to blocked practice, variable practice creates better long-term performance. Answer: a - ANS a. true b. false Why is occasional feedback probably effective with more skilled athletes? Answer: C - ANS a. It encourages them to overanalyze situations. b. It provides them with more of the coach's solutions to problems. c. It helps them become independent decision makers. d. It provides them with more feedback when their performances are in acceptable ranges. e. a and b What coaching approach is especially effective in teaching athletes how to respond to changing game situations? Answer: e - ANS a. focusing on technical skills, not on tactical skills b. frequent questioning of athletes while they're playing c. observing other athletes make decisions d. controlling feedback e. variable practice One example of tactical knowledge is how physical playing conditions affect a team's play. Answer: a - ANS a. true b. false The lists of skills included in an instruction plan should be as detailed and complete as possible. Answer a - ANS a. true b. false The mental skills that athletes learn are affected by the mental skills that their coaches demonstrate. Answer a - ANS a. true b. false Which athlete skills should be evaluated in the preseason? Answer e - ANS a. only offensive skills b. only defensive skills c. only advanced skills d. only specialty skills e. only essential skills the athletes can safely perform An athlete's poor communication skills may limit his learning and performance. Answer a - ANS a. true b. false The traditional method would likely be most appropriate for teaching Answer a - ANS a. a complex skill that has a significant risk of injury b. the principles underlying a technique c. tactical skills performed in complex, rapidly changing sport environments d. responsibility and leadership e. how to learn and function more independently What factors should be considered in the preseason evaluation of athletes' skills? Answer b - ANS a. expectations of parents b. the athletes' physical, psychological, and social maturity c. the opponents' skill proficiencies d. the contest schedule e. b and d Most muscles work independently. Answer b - ANS a. true b. false When a coach decides his team will run sprints as part of their training program, what training decision has the coach made Answer a - ANS a. choice of exercise b. order of exercises c. intensity of exercise d. volume of exercise e. frequency of training A warm-up should begin with strenuous exercise, then progress to light, sport-specific activity and stretching, and then conclude with more intense work. Answer b - ANS a. true b. false Which statement best summarizes the principle of overload? Answer b - ANS a. Frequent workouts bring the best results. b. Fitness levels improve when more is demanded. c. Maximum stress is needed for maximum fitness. d. The more you do, the better you feel. e. Use it slow or lose it fast. Running a 10-kilometer race (about 6.2 miles) emphasizes what type of fitness? Answer a - ANS a. aerobic fitness b. anaerobic fitness c. muscular fitness d. preconditioning fitness e. a and b A cool-down should include an aerobic phase and a stretching phase. Answer a - ANS a. true b. false During proper cool-down activities, the aerobic energy system helps remove lactic acid by converting it to fuel. Answer a - ANS a. true b. false The frequency of exercise is the most important factor in designing and monitoring an energy training program. Answer b - ANS a. true b. false Fast-twitch muscle fibers have more endurance than slow-twitch muscle fibers. Answer b - ANS a. true b. false What energy fitness test is used in evaluating anaerobic capacity? Answer c - ANS a. skinfold test b. bioelectrical impedance test c. 30-second max test d. sit-and-reach test e. 1.5-mile run test What provides the primary energy required for long-duration activity? Answer a - ANS a. the aerobic system b. the anaerobic system c. the phosphagen system d. glycolysis e. lactic acid A high school athlete who is beginning a resistance training program should train three or four times per week. Answer b - ANS a. true b. false How can an athlete improve her running speed? Answer d - ANS a. Decrease the length of her stride while maintaining her stride rate. b. Increase the length of her stride while decreasing her stride rate. c. Maintain her reaction time to the stimulus. d. Run at her top speed with added resistance. e. a and c What test is recommended for evaluating the flexibility of the arms and shoulders? Answer d - ANS a. sit-and-reach test b. bent-over row test c. triceps press-down test d. back scratch test e. seated press test For muscles that work in pairs, both muscles contract together or relax together to move the bone to which they are attached Answer b - ANS a. true b. false Which training method(s) for developing speed should help runners learn to relax the opposite muscle when the active muscle is working? Answer b - ANS a. speed resistance training b. exercises for improving running form c. overspeed training d. all of these e. a and c Which diet should be best for most athletes? e - ANS a. 25 percent carbohydrate, 20 percent fat, and 55 percent protein b. 30 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent fat, and 40 percent protein c. 35 percent carbohydrate, 35 percent fat, and 30 protein d. 45 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent fat, and 25 percent protein e. 55 percent carbohydrate, 25 percent fat, and 20 percent protein How a coach manages his weight has little effect on how his athletes manage theirs. b - ANS a. true b. false To help respond to an athlete with an eating disorder, it is best to involve other teammates. b - ANS a. true b. false Dehydration reduces the flow of blood to the skin, and this limits the body's ability to sweat and cool itself. a - ANS a. true b. false What is usually the best recommendation a coach should make for an athlete with a nutrient deficiency? c - ANS a. Take vitamin supplements. b. Use creatine. c. Improve your normal diet without adding nutrient supplements. d. Drink energy drinks before and after exercise. e. a and d The risk of eating disorders among athletes is increased by which factor(s)? c - ANS a. no experience with dieting b. poor nutritional habits c. personal attributes of perfectionism d. a family history of obesity e. a and d Athletes should limit the amount of weight they try to lose to two or fewer pounds per week. a - ANS a. true b. false To prevent drug use, it is generally more effective to inform athletes about drugs than it is to model responsible behavior for them. b - ANS a. true b. false What is the most widely misused drug among 12- to 17-year-olds? a - ANS a. alcohol b. tobacco c. marijuana d. prescription medications e. crack cocaine Which approach is probably most effective for discussing with athletes the issue of drug use? c - ANS a. Limit the discussion to one preseason seminar on drug-free sport, and invite parents and guardians to attend. b. Arrange for the school principal and nurse to lead all discussions, and make participation optional for the coaching staff. c. Complete the discussions formally and informally, and have the coaching staff participate. d. Let the athletes' parents and guardians lead the discussions, and avoid discussing it at school. e. Arrange for medically qualified professionals to lead all discussions, and do not require the coaching staff to attend. A 15-year-old athlete legally purchased and took a drug that required no prescription. Now he has slurred speech, loss of coordination, and slowed breathing. What type of drug did he probably take? c - ANS a. alcohol b. amphetamine c. inhalant d. hallucinogen e. tobacco After a coach discusses an athlete's drug problem with the athlete, the coach must notify the appropriate law-enforcement agency. b - ANS a. true b. false Blood doping to increase an athlete's oxygen supply is permitted in most endurance sports. b - ANS a. true b. false A coach should delegate as many logistical responsibilities as practical during the preseason. b - ANS a. true b. false A coach's primary tasks as a logistics manager include managing assistant coaches, team managers, athletic trainers, and other staff. a - ANS a. true b. false Evaluating athletes and determining athletes' eligibility are activities that a coach performs primarily in her role as e - ANS a. event and contest manager b. information manager c. instructional manager d. logistics manager e. personnel manager When should a coach do most of the planning and preparation for the season? c - ANS a. preseason b. in-season c. postseason d. a and b e. a and c A coach who wants others to trust him should be honest, genuine, and authentic. a - ANS a. true b. false Conflict in a relationship can lead to a positive solution to a problem. a - ANS a. true b. false What should a head coach assign to or provide to an assistant coach? b - ANS a. any task the assistant coach should learn, even if she is not qualified to perform it b. meaningful coaching responsibilities c. tasks the head coach finds tedious to perform d. recognition for the assistant's contributions as long as the recognition is provided privately and not in front of the team e. b and d A medical doctor must be present at each athletic contest. b - ANS a. true b. false What should a coach do when she disagrees with the medical decisions the team physician made for an athlete? d - ANS a. Decline to use the physician's services in the future. b. Immediately send the athlete to another physician for a second opinion. c. Advise the athlete to ignore the physician's instructions. d. First discuss the issue with the physician, and then decide whether or not to seek another opinion. e. a and c The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guarantees a person with a disability a position on any sport team he or she desires to join. b - ANS a. true b. false Headfirst sliding is not an accepted procedure in high school softball. A coach who teaches this technique increases her chances of being found negligent when one of her athletes is injured sliding headfirst. a - ANS a. true b. false What is the purpose of the coaches' legal duty to warn of inherent risks? b - ANS a. to protect athletes from all risks in the sport b. to warn the coaches about their risks in the sport c. to teach the athletes about the inherent risks in the sport d. to minimize the inherent risks in the sport e. to eliminate the need for liability insurance A coach has a legal duty to provide adequate and proper equipment throughout the season. a - ANS a. true b. false This is an example of appropriately fulfilling the duty to provide proper instruction: Assistant coaches teach skills without supervision by the head coach b - ANS a. true b. false A coach should provide the highest, most direct level of supervision in which situation(s)? a - ANS a. when athletes learn new skills b. while athletes dress for practice c. when athletes practice low-risk skills they can perform automatically d. while athletes complete cool-down activities late in the season e. a and c When an athlete uses sport equipment she bought, who has the legal duty to inspect that equipment? a - ANS a. the coach b. the athlete c. the equipment manufacturer d. the facilities manager e. a and b The key for a coach to develop a philosophy of coaching is to learn more about himself. A - ANS a. true b. false A good way to develop a coaching philosophy is to make as many people happy as possible. b - ANS a. true b. false What should a coach do to get to know his athletes better? b - ANS a. Reveal intimate details about his life. b. Act honestly and let the athletes know his genuine self. c. Avoid explaining how he feels about what the athletes say and do. d. Discuss irrelevant, even inappropriate situations to get the athletes' attention. e. c and d The significance a coach gives to winning plays a major role in determining how she coaches. a - ANS a. true b. false In order for coaches and athletes to keep winning in proper perspective, what goal should they emphasize? e - ANS a. avoiding losses to less skilled opponents b. being rewarded for winning c. learning how to win consistently d. learning how to lose without complaint e. striving to win What does the coaching philosophy "Athletes first, winning second" emphasize? d - ANS a. Competitive sports for adolescents should be eliminated. b. Cooperative games in which no score is kept are more important to athletes than winning. c. Winning is important only after athletes have matured. d. Winning must be kept in perspective by a greater concern for the development of the athletes. e. b and c A coach is more likely to share decision making with athletes when he uses which coaching style? b - ANS a. command style b. cooperative style c. games style d. integrated style e. submissive style When a coach makes winning the primary objective even when it stifles the athletes' motivation and enjoyment, what is the coach's primary coaching style? b - ANS a. games style b. command style c. cooperative style d. integrated style e. submissive style Good coaches encourage athletes to stay within the athletes' comfort zones. b - ANS a. true b. false When athletes and coaching assistants are empowered, they are more likely to believe they are making a positive contribution to the team. a - ANS a. true b. false When athletes demonstrate appropriate ethical behavior, the coach should reward the behavior even if it is not exactly what the coach would have demonstrated. a - ANS a. true b. false Which statement applies more to hazing specifically than to bullying generally? d - ANS a. Usually it is committed by one person or just a few people. b. Its purpose is to exclude someone from a group. c. It probably does not occur frequently in elementary school or high school. d. It is a ritual required for joining a group. e. It encourages others to reject the victim. A coach is likely to be most successful instilling character in her athletes when she A (wrong) - ANS a. develops all team rules with little input from the athletes b. lectures athletes about moral behavior c. requires athletes to develop their personal concepts of character on their own d. models and teaches ethical decision making e. a and b An ethical action should be legal, honest, and moral. A - ANS a. true b. false What is the probable percentage of gays and lesbians in high school sports? c - ANS a. 1 to 2 percent b. 2 to 4 percent c. 5 to 10 percent d. 11 to 15 percent e. 16 to 20 percent Boys and girls should be coached differently because of their sex. b - ANS a. true b. false Which factor is most likely to be affected by cultural differences? - ANS a. physical speed b. heredity c. intelligence d. social role e. maturity Most physical growth is completed between the ages of 17 and 20. b - ANS a. true b. false What should a coach do to more effectively coach athletes of varying cultural backgrounds? A - ANS a. Understand the athletes' cultural heritages and how they might influence his coaching. b. Expect all athletes to display the same emotions and attitudes. c. Ignore cultural differences among athletes. d. Avoid discussing prejudices with athletes. e. all of these An important benefit of active listening is that it enables a coach to d - ANS a. focus on the athletes' thought processes rather than their emotions b. discourage discussion of the athletes' problems and fears unrelated to the sport c. increase the opportunities to express sympathy d. respond more constructively to the athletes e. decrease the coach's influence by increasing the athletes' independence Typically, what happens when a coach uses negative approaches to communicating? c - ANS a. The self-confidence of the athletes is enhanced. b. Long term, the athletes learn more and are more motivated. c. The athletes feel frustrated and unaccepted. d. The athletes take more risks. e. b and d A coach provides little instruction and minimal guidance in organizing activities and resolves discipline problems only when absolutely necessary. The coach is more likely to use the submissive style of communication rather than the command style of communication. a - ANS a. true b. false What best describes a positive approach to communicating with athletes? a - ANS a. It emphasizes praise and reward, and it can include punishment. b. Athletes are not punished for misbehavior. c. It consists of equal parts encouragement and discouragement. d. It is the hallmark of a command-style coach. e. It requires all messages to be compliments. Intimidating movements, hostile gestures, and joyful facial expressions are examples of nonverbal communication. a - ANS a. true b. false When athletes perform poorly, they lack motivation. b - ANS a. true b. false Success-oriented athletes think winning is a consequence of their abilities, and they think occasional failures are caused by their insufficient efforts. a - ANS a. true b. false Athletes learn to fear failure in which circumstance(s)? a - ANS a. when their performance is emphasized, not their learning and attitude b. when their goals are realistic and sometimes challenging c. when they are motivated by self-satisfaction and not by extrinsic rewards d. all of these e. a and b Which coaching approach allows athletes to experience flow in practices? a - ANS a. Match the difficulty of the skills to the ability of the athletes performing them. b. Teach only one or two skills at a time so that athletes can overlearn them. c. Provide constant instruction and evaluation during the learning phase. d. Let athletes spend a lot of time watching better athletes perform. e. Provide frequent breaks so that athletes can stop and think about the activity. What is a characteristic of the most effective goals for athletes? a - ANS a. They are based on performance. b. They are based on outcomes. c. They are challenging and frequently unrealistic. d. They are developed for the team. e. They are developed by the coach. Feeling competent is an example of an intrinsic reward. a - ANS a. true b. false What is appropriate to discuss at team meetings? b - ANS a. an athlete's mistakes in the previous contest b. problems the team has executing specific plays c. an athlete's apparent drug use d. the announcement of who did not make the team e. a and b Athletes who play for intrinsic rewards seldom maintain the long-term motivation needed for success in sport. b - ANS a. true b. false Typically, who enforces the consequences for violations of team rules? b - ANS a. the athletic administrator b. the coach c. the coach and the team captains d. the team e. the coach and the team Negative discipline is effective in the short term and in the long term. b - ANS a. true b. false Team rules should be stated in positive terms.a - ANS a. true b. false Team routines should be e (wrong) - ANS a. as specific as possible b. determined by the coach and the team c. determined solely by the coach d. consistent and unchanging e. a and c Usually the tactical skills a team uses are affected by the actions of the opponents. - ANS a. true b. false What best describes the purpose of using the freeze replay in the games approach? a (wrong) - ANS a. to improve a specific technical skill through repetition b. to improve the athletes' concentration c. to explain a specific rule of the game d. to draw out the key elements of good play e. a and c By emphasizing direct instruction, and in comparison to the games approach, what advantage does the traditional approach to coaching provide? a (wrong) - ANS a. the most effective learning of mental skills and tactics b. shorter practices c. less discipline in learning technical skills d. quicker development of technical skills early in the season e. creation of a strong coach-athlete bond For technical skills in most high school sports, it is best to practice ONLY the whole skill and NOT its separate parts. b - ANS a. true b. false Most technical skills performed in high school sports involve a variety of body movements and positions, such as a golf swing. Given this fact, what is the most effective way to teach and practice most of these technical skills? a - ANS a. Teach the whole skill, practice its parts, and practice the whole skill. b. Teach the parts of the skill, and practice the parts. c. Teach the whole skill, and practice the whole skill. d. Teach the preparation phase, and practice the action and follow-through phases. e. Teach the preparation and follow-through phases, and practice the action phase. A very common coaching mistake is to provide inaccurate feedback and advice on how to correct errors. a - ANS a. true b. false A batter adjusts his swing to reach out for a pitch outside of the strike zone. The complex set of mental rules he uses in making his swing is called e - ANS a. an autonomic algorithm b. a mental blueprint c. a processing plan d. a mind map e. a motor program During the practice stage of learning, how can a coach be most effective in helping athletes learn? e (wrong) - ANS a. When an athlete knows he made an error and how to correct it, immediately provide corrective feedback before the athlete has a chance to correct the error on his own. b. Focus the athletes' mental activity on refining the timing and coordination of the movements. c. Withhold positive reinforcement when the athletes perform a technical skill correctly. d. Focus the athletes' mental activity on the advanced skills they should learn after the practice stage. e. Increase the frequency and duration of verbal cues and feedback. What is the best way for athletes to learn the rules of their sport? e (wrong) - ANS a. Ask officials to explain their bad calls and the specific rules they used in making the calls. b. Listen to the coach explain the rules during practice games. c. Ask their teammates to explain the rules. d. Listen to the announcers during professional sport contests on television. e. all of these In comparison to blocked practice, variable practice creates better long-term performance. a - ANS a. true b. false What coaching approach is especially effective in teaching athletes how to respond to changing game situations? e - ANS a. focusing on technical skills, not on tactical skills b. frequent questioning of athletes while they're playing c. observing other athletes make decisions d. controlling feedback e. variable practice When a coach decreases her feedback and explains why, athletes likely will begin to overanalyze their performances. b - ANS a. true b. false The best way to help your athletes learn to make good decisions in complicated game situations is to have them practice only simple tactics and NOT complex tactics. b - ANS a. true b. false Self-confidence, attention, concentration, and anxiety control are examples of which skills? e - ANS a. technical skills b. tactical skills c. character skills d. communication skills e. mental skills Which athlete skills should be evaluated in the preseason? e - ANS a. only offensive skills b. only defensive skills c. only advanced skills d. only specialty skills e. only essential skills the athletes can safely perform Practices should be evaluated every week to 10 days throughout the season. b - ANS a. true b. false Experienced coaches are a good source for learning which tactical skills should be taught and in what sequence. a - ANS a. true b. false The mental skills that athletes learn are affected by the mental skills that their coaches demonstrate. a - ANS a. true b. false What factors should be considered in the preseason evaluation of athletes' skills? b - ANS a. expectations of parents b. the athletes' physical, psychological, and social maturity c. the opponents' skill proficiencies d. the contest schedule e. b and d Running a 10-kilometer race (about 6.2 miles) emphasizes what type of fitness? a - ANS a. aerobic fitness b. anaerobic fitness c. muscular fitness d. preconditioning fitness e. a and b Which guideline is recommended for testing athletes' fitness? c - ANS a. Test once a year, preferably during the preseason. b. To individualize the testing, use different equipment for different athletes. c. Test each function at least twice, and use the best score. d. To avoid confounding the results, do not allow athletes to practice for the tests. e. To increase motivation, share individual results with the team. A warm-up should begin with strenuous exercise, then progress to light, sport-specific activity and stretching, and then conclude with more intense work. b - ANS a. true b. false Baseball players require high levels of aerobic fitness. b - ANS a. true b. false When a coach decides his team will run sprints as part of their training program, what training decision has the coach made? a - ANS a. choice of exercise b. order of exercises c. intensity of exercise d. volume of exercise e. frequency of training Most muscles work independently. b - ANS a. true b. false Unless an athlete is a highly conditioned endurance athlete, his maximum heart rate is calculated as 220 minus his age in years. a - ANS a. true b. false What energy fitness test is used in evaluating anaerobic capacity? c - ANS a. skinfold test b. bioelectrical impedance test c. 30-second max test d. sit-and-reach test e. 1.5-mile run test Which muscle fibers have the greatest capacity to produce energy via the anaerobic energy system? c - ANS a. slow-twitch fibers b. medium-twitch fibers c. fast glycolytic fibers d. fast oxidative glycolytic fibers e. none of these When an athlete first starts to exercise, her initial energy needs are provided primarily by the aerobic energy system. b - ANS a. true b. false Fat provides more energy per gram than carbohydrate. a - ANS a. true b. false A high school athlete who is beginning a resistance training program should train three or four times per week. b - ANS a. true b. false For muscles that work in pairs, both muscles contract together or relax together to move the bone to which they are attached. b - ANS a. true b. false What test is recommended for evaluating the flexibility of the arms and shoulders? e (wrong) - ANS a. sit-and-reach test b. bent-over row test c. triceps press-down test d. back scratch test e. seated press test Amy is a long-distance runner, and she is starting a new resistance program. Which objective(s) should her resistance program be designed to meet? d - ANS a. developing aerobic capacity as a foundation for her sport b. developing short-term muscular endurance c. developing intermediate-term muscular endurance d. developing long-term muscular endurance e. a, b, and c What is muscular endurance? e - ANS a. the maximum amount of force that a muscle can generate in a single effort b. the reaction and movement time required for moving from point A to point B quickly c. strength and speed combined d. moving joints through the range of motion demanded by the sport e. a muscle's ability to contract repeatedly or sustain a continuous contraction involving less than maximum for How can athletes best avoid dehydration during exercise? d - ANS a. Drink energy drinks. b. Drink caffeinated beverages. c. Take salt tablets. d. Drink sport drinks. e. b and c A healthy diet includes 10 to 15 percent fat. b - ANS a. true b. false Low- and moderate-glycemic foods such as yogurt and bananas are good pregame foods. a - ANS a. true b. false Which diet should be best for most athletes? e - ANS a. 25 percent carbohydrate, 20 percent fat, and 55 percent protein b. 30 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent fat, and 40 percent protein c. 35 percent carbohydrate, 35 percent fat, and 30 protein d. 45 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent fat, and 25 percent protein e. 55 percent carbohydrate, 25 percent fat, and 20 percent protein How a coach manages his weight has little effect on how his athletes manage theirs. b - ANS a. true b. false Athletes should limit the amount of weight they try to lose to two or fewer pounds per week. a - ANS a. true b. false What best describes the purpose of taking vitamin supplements? d - ANS a. They provide energy to the muscles. b. They improve performance. c. They are more beneficial than fruits and vegetables. d. The help regulate metabolic reactions. e. all of these While discussing an athlete's drug problem with the athlete, the coach should deliver some "tough love" that includes blaming, judging, and even threatening the athlete with expulsion from the team. b - ANS a. true b. false A 15-year-old athlete legally purchased and took a drug that required no prescription. Now he has slurred speech, loss of coordination, and slowed breathing. What type of drug did he probably take? c - ANS a. alcohol b. amphetamine c. inhalant d. hallucinogen e. tobacco Generally, using scare tactics in drug education programs is ineffective with high school athletes. a - ANS a. true b. false If a coach needs to seek help for an athlete with a drug problem, what person or people would likely be most appropriate to contact? d - ANS a. the athlete's boyfriend or girlfriend b. the team trainer c. the athlete's teammates d. the athlete's parents or guardians e. b and d What is the most widely misused drug among 12- to 17-year-olds? a - ANS a. alcohol b. tobacco c. marijuana d. prescription medications e. crack cocaine After a coach discusses an athlete's drug problem with the athlete, the coach must notify the appropriate law-enforcement agency. b - ANS a. true b. false A coach should delegate as many logistical responsibilities as practical during the preseason. a - ANS a. true b. false Which task should a coach complete during the postseason? d - ANS a. determining how to evaluate and select athletes for the team b. scheduling next season's contests c. planning the team communication strategy d. giving awards to recognize the athletes and coaching staff e. clarifying eligibility requirements for athletes Planning for facilities; ordering equipment, uniforms, and supplies; and arranging transportation are activities that a coach performs primarily in her role as d - ANS a. event and contest manager b. information manager c. instructional manager d. logistics manager e. personnel manager A coach's primary tasks as a logistics manager include managing assistant coaches, team managers, athletic trainers, and other staff. b - ANS a. true b. false An appropriate coach-official relationship is described in which situation(s)? c - ANS a. When a coach thinks an official has contributed to his team's loss, the coach should not thank the official for her work. b. When an official makes several bad calls, the coach should privately harass the official about the bad calls. c. A coach should stop using officials who repeatedly perform poorly. d. To counter bad officiating, a coach should allow his athletes to regain the advantage by breaking a few rules of the sport. e. b and d When parents ask a coach how their children are doing on the team, the coach should NOT feel threatened. a - ANS a. true b. false A head coach values his own goals and places little importance on his relationship with his assistant coach. When a conflict arises between them, what is the head coach most likely to do? b (wrong) - ANS a. Seek a compromise that makes both coaches happy. b. Confront the assistant and seek to resolve the conflict positively. c. Confront the assistant and try to force him to accept the head coach's solution to the conflict. d. Withdraw from the conflict and avoid confrontation. e. Ask the assistant how he thinks the conflict could best be resolved. When an assistant coach thinks the actions of the head coach are inconsistent with the team goals, the assistant should respectfully disagree with the head coach in private. a - ANS a. true b. false Conflict in a relationship can lead to a positive solution to a problem. a - ANS a. true b. false A technique is practiced frequently and creates little likelihood of severe injury. What is the recommended approach for managing the risk of performing the technique? c (wrong) - ANS a. Accept the risk. b. Transfer the risk. c. Avoid the risk. d. Reevaluate the risk. e. Ignore the risk. The Volunteer Protection Act provides volunteer coaches immunity from lawsuits in cases of gross negligence. b - ANS a. true b. false The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guarantees a person with a disability a position on any sport team he or she desires to join. b - ANS a. true b. false When an athlete uses sport equipment she bought, who has the legal duty to inspect that equipment? a - ANS a. the coach b. the athlete c. the equipment manufacturer d. the facilities manager e. a and b Judges usually uphold waivers of responsibility signed by athletes and a coach; therefore, these waivers provide the coach with adequate protection from claims of negligence. b - ANS a. true b. false When a coach transfers the risk created by an injury to an athlete, the coach also transfers his legal duty to help the athlete avoid the injury. b - ANS a. true b. false Who has a legal duty to reduce the risks of hazards in the physical environment of a sport? d - ANS a. the athletes b. the parents c. the trainer d. the coach e. c and d