nclex review from test bank

IM meds - quickly absorbed, 90 degree angle, 19-23 G needle, 1-2" length, average adult:11/2, 22G, mandatory to aspirate, purpose is to deposit meds into deep muscle for quick absorption deltoid muscle - only used for 1-2 ml of med b/c is smaller muscle quickest absorption - #1 is abdomen, #2 is arm, #3 is buttock Insulin - done sub-q into fatty tissue, measured in Units, draw up air prior and insert into vial Regular insulin - onset:15-30 mins, clear, peak:30-11/2 hr., duration:3-4 hrs., can mix with intermed.& short Humulog - onset:15-30mins., clear, peak: 30-11/2, duration: 3-4 hrs., mix with intermed., reg, short NPH - onset:1-4hr., cloudy, peak:6-10hrs., duration:10-16, up to 24 hrs., cannot mix!! Lantus - onset:1-2hr., clear, no peak, duration:24 hrs., cannot be combined Regular insulin - only insulin that can be given IV rotate injection sites - to slow formation of scar tissue most insulins - given right befor meals to control blood sugar when mixing insulins - put air into cloudy first, then clear NPH - has regular insulin in it already sliding scale - always given with short acting insulin such as reg/ humulog sub-q injections - 45-90 degree angle, 25G needle, 1/2-1" length, below dermis/above muscle heparin/lovanox - bruising will occur aroun inj. sites, apply pressure for at least 30 seconds, check for bleeding gums, stools, sheck V/S for internal bleeding with anticoagulants Intradermal injections - 10 degree angle, 25-27G needle, 5/8-1/2" needle, barely cover bevel under skin, do not do near a vein, do to the side, used for PPD&allergy testing TB testing - read 48-72 hrs later, inject 0.1 ml, assess for induration(hard bump), measure in mm, greater than 5 mm is queestionable, 5-10 need CXR, redness indicates localized reaction not a concern, problem is induration bacteriacidal - able to kill bacteria bacteriostatic - retards bacteria growth broad spectrum - atbs that are effective against many organisms catecholamine - neurotransmitters that play important role in body's stress response