Life 103 Exam 1 CSU Questions and Answers Already Passed

Life 103 Exam 1 CSU Questions and Answers Already Passed Science recognizing patterns in the natural world and understanding the mechanisms that give rise to those patterns The Diversity of Life Patterns How plants and animals work Mechanisms Evolution the change in allele frequencies in a population over time Four Mechanisms of Evolution Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutation, and Migration Selection changes in allele frequencies due to organisms with advantageous alleles reproducing more successfully than organisms with other alleles Genetic Drift random change in allele frequencies in a population Mutation the source of all new allelic diversity Migration movement of alleles between population Adaptation a trait that evolves by selection for a particular function (because it increases fitness) from an ancestor that did not have that trait; these can be morphological, behavioral, or molecular. They solve problems faced by populations and different populations may have different solutions to similar problems Phylogeny the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms (species level and higher) Phylogenetic Tree diagram of the ancestral relationships among species; describes patterns, provides information about when certain large events may occur Taxonomy the ordered division and naming of organisms Carl Linnaeus published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances; two part name for species and hierarchical classification Binomial the two part scientific name of a species Genus the first part of the name Specific Epithet the second part of the name unique for each species within the genus Taxonomic groups (from broad to narrow) Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, species Taxon a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy Characters types of data we can use to reconstruct a tree (morphological traits, behavior, chemical composition, chromosome number, DNA) Character State Variation among characters Branch point represent the divergence of two species Sister taxa groups that share an immediate common ancestor Rooted tree includes a branch to represent the last common ancestor of all taxa in the tree Polytomy a branch from which more than two groups emerge Ecology the study of the distribution and interaction of organisms with other organisms and the environment Population a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area Population ecology focuses on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area (most mathematically based on sub discipline of ecology) Community Ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community Ecosystem Ecology emphasizes energy flowing chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components (movement of carbon, nitrogen and other chemicals through the ecosystem) Biotic Factors organisms interacting with other species (Predator/prey, Herbivore/plant) Abiotic Factors Non-living parts of the environment (chemical i.e. pH/salinity) Dispersal the movement of individuals; one way trip (migration is a round trip) Bacterial cells have a variety of shapes, what are the three most common? spheres (cocci), rods (boccili), and spirals Peptidoglycan a network of sugar polymers cross linked by polypeptides What do most bacterial cell walls contain?