Biology 1406 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

Biology 1406 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed What is homeostasis the process whereby living organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain relatively stable internal conditions What are the characteristics of living things 1. Cells and Organization 2. Energy use and metabolism 3. Response to environmental changes 4. Regulation and homeostasis 5. Growth and Development 6. Reproduction 7. Biological Evolution atom the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. macromolecule many molecules bonded together to form a polymer such a polypeptide (carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are examples) cell the simplest unit of a living organism, composed of molecules and macromolecules, form larger structures such as membranes tissue association of many cells of the same type organ two or more types of body tissues combined to perform a common function organism a living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment population group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same environment and can interbreed with one another community an assemblage of populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time ecosystem the biotic community of organisms in an area as well as the abiotic environment affecting the community biosphere the regions on the surface of the earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist What are the two mechanisms of evolutionary change Vertical descent and horizontal gene transfer vertical descent Progression of changes in lineage (a series of ancestors). Occurs from generation to generation. New species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of mutations (natural selection) horizontal gene transfer A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism What are the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya What are the four kingdoms animalia, fungi, plantae, and protista bacteria single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes archaea Single-celled, no nucleus, Live in harsh conditions eukarya Domain of all organisms