Biology 1406 Chapter 1 Review with Certified Solutions

Biology 1406 Chapter 1 Review with Certified Solutions Evolution The process of change that has transformed life on Earth. Biology The scientific study of life What are the five unifying themes? Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interaction, Evolution Biological Organization Molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere Emergent Properties Result from the arrangement and interactions of parts within a system. They characterize non biological entities as well. Reductionism The reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study. Systems Biology Analysis of the interactions among the parts of a biological system Prokaryotic Cell Simpler and usually smaller cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles Eukaryotic Cell Membrane enclosed organelles, the largest at which is the nucleus DNA (deooxyribonucleic acid) A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. Controls the development and maintenance of organisms Gene Encodes information for building the molecules synthesized within the cell. Units of inheritance. Gene Expression The process of converting information from gene to cellular product Genome entire set of genetic instructions Genomics The study of sets of genes within and between species Proteomics The study of whole sets of proteins encoded by the genome (known as proteomes) Bioinformatics The use of computational tools to process a large volume of data Feedback regulation The output or product of a process, regulates that very process. The most common feedback is negative. Taxonomy The branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth What are the three domains? Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Which domain is bacteria and Archaea made of? Prokaryotes