AMCB Prenatal care and fetal Questions and answers 100% guaranteed PASS

how soon do most pregnancies occur after intercoures - ANSWERwithin 2 days of ovulation What is a morula ? and when does it enter the uterine cavity? - ANSWERsolid ball of cells formed by 16 blastomeres. enters the uterus 3 days after fertilization how long is the development of the embryo - ANSWERthe developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month (8weeks) When does implantation occur? and where? - ANSWER6-7 days after fertilization upper posterior wall of the uterus what gives rise to the placenta ? - ANSWERthe chorion When does the amnion fuse with the chorion? - ANSWERby the end of the 3rd month what hormone is responsible for uterine growth, fallopian tubes, vagina and breast development. - ANSWEREstrodial-17B Which type of estrogen is found in the urine of pregnant women - ANSWEREstriol why is maternal insulin levels lowered during pregancy - ANSWERplacental lactogen (hPL) Relaxin has what effect - ANSWERproduced by the corpus luteum, relaxes the uterine myometrium during pregnancy what does GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) do - ANSWERstimulates release of FSH and LH what is Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) responsible for ? - ANSWERPromotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Somatostatin - ANSWERInhibits secretion of growth hormone (GH) and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin and thyrotropin Is there a placental barrier? - ANSWERNo the placenta does not maintain absolute integrity between the fetus and mother. What is transported accorss the placenta and by what method.? - ANSWERoxygen and glucose via facilitated diffusion what vessels are contained in the umbilical cord? what do they do ? - ANSWERTwo arteries and 1 vein. the arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus to the placenta. the 1 vein carried oxygenated blood to the fetus. average range of length for the umbilical cord is - ANSWER30-100cm, 55 avge in length with a diameters of 0.8-2cm influenced by amniotic fluid in what trimester does the fetus start to swallow, urinate and inspire amniotic fluid? - ANSWERsecond trimester if a newborn has tracheoesophageal atresia, what outcome can be expected? - ANSWERpolyhydramnios whats the measurements for polyhydramnios? - ANSWERAFI 24cm, DVP 8cm or more what are some etiologies of polyhydramnios ? - ANSWERtwin-twin transfusion, gestational diabetes, multiples , isoimunization , fetal infection, fetal anomalies signs and symptoms of polyhydramnios - ANSWERuterine size greater than dates ( fundal height 3-4cm off ) , difficult auscultation, materal dyspnea, heartburn , nausea Outcomes associated with having polyhydramnios - ANSWERfetal mortality, preterm labor, PP hemorrhage , cord prolapse what should you do for a patient with polyhydramnios? - ANSWERmonitor with serial NST and Weekly BPP starting at 34 weeks offer amniocentesis if the AFI exceeds 35cm indomethacin- impairs production of lung liquid or decreases fetal urine production define measurements for oligohydramnios - ANSWERafi 5cm , dvP 2cm an infant born to a mother with oiligohydramnios would have which condintion? other possible causes are ?? - ANSWERRenal agenesis post term pregnancy demise growth restriction anomalies oligohydramnios can result in what serious condition? - ANSWERpulmonary hypoplasia resulting in still birth a mother with oligo might receive which treatment during IP - ANSWERamnioinfusion organogenesis begins - ANSWERin the 3rd week and spans for 8 weeks. what causes the pregnancy test to turn positive ? - ANSWERHcg found in the urine . produced by the corpus luteum. Fourth week of the embryonic period - ANSWERlimb buds form; heart is noticeable and beating; nervous system is prominent; embryo has a tail; other systems form Sixth week of the embryonic period - ANSWERFingers and Toes are present; Skeleton is cartilaginous when does fetal development begin.? - ANSWER8 weeks after fertilization 10 weeks after LMP a 12 week fetus can be palpated where? 20 weeks? - ANSWERat the level of the symphisis at the level of the umbilicus how is fetal lung maturity measured ? - ANSWERLecithin:Sphingomyelin ratio 2 with the presence of phosphatidylglycerol Presumtive signs of pregnancy - ANSWERSUBJECTIVE -Nausea/vomiting, amenorrhea, breast changes, fatigue, urinary frequency, belief of pregnancy Probable signs of pregnancy - ANSWERexaminer suspects a women is pregnant. such as abdominal enlargement, hegar's sign(softening and compressibility of the lower uterus), chadwick's sign (deepened violet-bluish color of the cervix and vaginal mucosa), goodell's sign(softening of the cervical tip), ballottement, braxton hicks, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner. Positive signs of pregnancy - ANSWERFetal skeleton on X-ray Fetal presence on ultrasound Auscultation of FHR (heard at week 8, most likely at 10 and should be heard by 12) Examiner palpates fetal movement crump rump length is accurate when ? - ANSWER1st trimester 3-5 days the FL and BPD are most accurate when ? - ANSWER2nd trimester , 7-10 days describe the uterus in the 1st trimester - ANSWERsoft and globular and aysymetric, at 12 weeks 8-10cm and rising out of the pelvis. positive piskaceks sign the softening of the itshmus would reveal what positive sign ? - ANSWERHegar signprobable sign of pregnancy how long does the corpus luteum work until the placenta kicks in ? - ANSWER12 weeks . under the influence of HCG What are the 4 pelvic types? - ANSWER1. Gynecoid- female pelvis 2. Android- poor vaginal outcomes- c-sections 3. Anthropoid-favors posterior position of the fetus. large size- adequate for vaginal birth 4. Platypelloid- RARE - C-section GI effects of pregnancy - ANSWERbleeding gums excess salvation decreased lower esophageal sphincter heartburn decreased gastric emptying displaced intestines appendix, cecum altered liver production of enzymes genitourinary effects of pregnancy - ANSWERincreased renal blood flow GFR increased 40-50% water rention and sodium retention How high does the diaphragm rise due to growing uterus? - ANSWER4 cm a pregnant might have which type of ABGS - ANSWERMild Respiratory alkalosis with compensation. due to low PCO2 also pysiologic dyspnea what percentage does the blood volume increase in pregnant woman? - ANSWER30- 50% physiologic anemia of pregnancy - ANSWERApparent anemia that results because during pregnancy the plasma volume increases more than the erythrocytes increase. increase in factor I, VII -X result in what? (fibrinongen) - ANSWERhypercoagable state Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy - ANSWERincrease in cardiac volume 10% increased cardiac output heart moves up and to the left systolic murmer common audible 3rd sound or soft transient diastolic murmer what causes pregnancy hyperpigmentation - ANSWERincreased in estrogen and progesterone pregnancy thyroid levels - ANSWEREuthyroid- doe