AQA- A- Level Psychology Memory 2024 Latest Update!!

Study of capacity of STM - ANSWER Miller (Immediate Digit Span Test) Jacobs Support Study of duration of STM - ANSWER Peterson and Peterson (Trigrams) 24 students given a consonant syllable and a three digit number ie. THX 512. They were asked to recall the consonant syllable after a retention interval of 3, 6 , 9, 12 or 15 seconds. During this interval they had to count backwards from their three digit number. Participants were 90% correct after 3 seconds, 20% correct after 9 and only 2% correct after 18 seconds. Suggesting it is less than 18 seconds. Study of duration of LTM - ANSWER Bahrick (Free recall, photo recognition and name recognition tests) 400 people of various ages were tested on their memory of high school classmates. They were given a free recall to recall as many class mates as they could. Then they were given 50 photos, some with people from their school year book. Bahrick found that recall after 15 years of graduation was 90% accurate from photos, and after 48 years was 70%. With free recall it was about 60% accurate and 30%. Showing that it is possibly an unlimited duration for LTM. Study of encoding - ANSWER Baddeley (Semantically and Acoustically Similar/Dissimilar words) Baddeley had lists of acoustically similar words such as: Cat, cab, can, map, mat, max etc. And also semantically similar words: Huge, big, large, titanic, massive etc. He found that participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in the STM and in the LTM struggled with semantically similar words. He concluded that STM is largely encoded acoustically whereas LTM is encoded semantically. Capacity of STM - ANSWER 7+_ 2 units Capacity of LTM - ANSWER Potentially unlimited Duration of STM - ANSWER 30 seconds Duration of LTM - ANSWER potentially unlimited Encoding in STM - ANSWER Mainly acoustically Encoding in LTM - ANSWER Mainly semantically MSM of memory - ANSWER Sensory Memory- Attention-STM-(Maintenance rehearsal or) elaborative rehearsal-LTM-(Retrieval, Interference, Decay Retrieval failure, displacement for STM) What does the MSM model suggest - ANSWER It attempts to explain how memory works Memory Consists of multiple stores There is a sequence between these stores Evidence to support the MSM - ANSWER Glanzer and Cunnitz (primacy and recency effect) HM (LTM gone) Beardsley (Prefrontal cortex for STM and Hippocampus for Ltm) (Bahrick Peterson and Peterson, miller, baddeley) Evaluate the MSM - ANSWER Too simple (but easier to understand) Supporting Evidence What does the WMM suggest - ANSWER STM is made up of multiple stores and the MSM is too simple What does the Central Executive do - ANSWER directs attention to particular tasks and controls the 2 slave systems (phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad) What does the phonological loop do - ANSWER processes and retains the order of heard information can be divided into 2 substores What can the phonological loop be divided into - ANSWER phonological store (stores heard information, inner ear) articulatory process (subvocal repetition, inner voice) What does the visuo-spatial sketchpad do - ANSWER plans spatial tasks and stores visual or spatial information