AQA GCSE Chemistry - Paper 1

What is the charge of a proton? - +1 What is the charge of a neutron? - 0 What is the charge of an electron? - -1 What is the relative mass of a proton? - 1 What is the relative mass of a neutron? - 1 What is the relative mass of an electron? - Very small How many types of atoms do elements contain? - Only one type What are compounds? - Substances containing two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together What are mixtures? - Substances containing two or more different elements that are not chemically bonded together What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography? - Chromatogram Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? - Filtration Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid? - Evaporation or Crystillisation Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points? - Fractional distillation Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong? - Ernest Rutherford Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron? - Niels Bohr Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements? - To ensure that elements with similar properties stayed in the same groups. The gaps indicated the existence of undiscovered elements and allowed Mendeleev to predict what their properties might be How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element related? - The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell of an element. E.g. sodium is in Group 1 therefore it has 1 electron on its outer shell What kind of ions do metals form? - Positive Where are the non-metals on the periodic table? - On the right hand side Give three properties which are specific to transition metals - 1) They can form more than one ion e.g cobalt form Co2+ 2) They are often coloured, therefore compounds which contain them are colourful e.g. potassium chromate is yellow 3) They often make good catalysts e.g. nickel based catalysts are used in the hydrogenation of alkenes State three trends as you go down Group 1 - 1) Increased reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus 2) Lower melting and boiling points 3) Higher relative atomic mass What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water - Hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide E.g. sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals? - Transition metals are harder, denser and stronger than Group 1 metals What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals? - Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals? - Transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals What trends occur as you go down Group 7? - 1) They become less reactive - it's harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shell's further from the nucleus 2) They have higher melting and boiling points 3) They have higher relative atomic masses What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals? - They form negative ions What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0? - The boiling points increase