UNRS 402 Exam #2 Study Guide with top-rated ANSWERS

Explain braxton hicks contractions? - Aka false labor; It's preparing the uterus to undergo contractions during labor · Usually during first two trimesters, contractions are infrequent and painless · During last trimester, become more frequent, as often as q10 minutes · It's important to know the difference between Braxton Hicks from contractions of preterm laboràcheck with HCP if unsure, has >5-6 contractions in an hour, or any other signs of early labor!! What's the recommended weight gain for IUP? Why is education important? Other recommendations? - · These recommended changes will be greater for women who are underweight or who are carrying multiple fetuses, and it's less for overweight and obese women · Pattern of weight gain is extremely importantà1.1-4.4 lb (0.5-2kg) during first trimester and 0.8-1.0 lb (0.35-0.5 kg) every week after that · Increased calorie intake: 340 calories during second trimester and 452 calories in third trimester; choose foods that are nutrient dense to meet other needs of pregnancy · Protein intake: 71g daily during pregnancy (25g more than nonpregnancy needs) Gravida meaning? - number of pregnancies overall (lasted any amount of time, successful or not) Para meaning? - number of pregnancies that have ended at >20 weeks, regardless of whether infant was born alive or stillborn Primigravida? - · woman pregnant for the first time Multigravida? - been pregnant more than once Multipara? - · delivered ≥2 pregnancies past 20 weeks Nullipara? - · woman who has never been pregnant or has not completed a pregnancy of 20 weeks or more Explain GTPAL? - · acronym for assessing woman's obstetric hx oG=pregnancies or gravida o T=term pregnancies delivered o P=preterm pregnancies delivered o A=abortions (spontaneous and induced) o L=living children What should nurse be careful about when assessing woman's obstetric hx? - · Be careful about asking obstetric hx of woman with family members around!! They might not know all of the info/events that happened, wait until she is alone Explain estimated date of delivery (EDD)? - · Complete menstrual hx is important to establishing estimate date of delivery and gestational age of fetus · Common practice for EDD is based on first day of LNMP, although ovulation and conception occur approximately 2 weeks after the beginning of menstruation in regular 28-day cycle What are the parameters of PIH and why is this important? - · Aka gestational hypertension · Onset of hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy without proteinuria · Should be considered working diagnosis because it may progress to preeclampsia · If gestational hypertension persists after 12 weeks postpartum, chronic hypertension is diagnosed · Systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg · BP should normalize by 12 weeks postpartum · May evolve to preeclampsia · It's a retrospective diagnosis · There are 4 other types of pregnancy related hypertension: preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension Why are pregnant women more susceptible to infection at this time? What maternal adaptations try to prevent this? - the woman is more likely to develop infection b/c of changes to vaginal flora and glycogen-rich environment that is cultivated during pregnancy; Maternal adaptation to prevent vaginal infection: cervical mucus (rich in immunoglobulin) forms a plug in cervical canal AND it blocks the ascent of bacteria from vagina to uterus during pregnancy to protect fetus and uterine membranes from infection (also alkaline environment)