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Samenvatting antibiotica van het hele vak microbiologie en infectieziekten

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Dit document bevat een samenvatting van alle antibiotica die gezien worden in het vak microbiologie en infectieziekten: opdeling, werking, resistentie, gebruik, ...

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Uploaded on
February 16, 2024
Number of pages
11
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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Overzicht antibiotica
Inhibitie celwandsynthese Inhibitie proteïnesynthese Inhibitie Inhibitie Celmembraan
nucleïnezuursynthese foliumzuursynthese beschadiging
Beta-lactam AB: rem enzymatische cross-linking Macroliden (50S) Fluoroquinolonen (DNA): inhibitie Trimethoprim Vrij toxisch bij
van peptidoglycaanketens door binding aan PBP’s - 12C-ring DNA-gyrase en topoisomerase IV systemische
(DD-transpeptidase, DD-carboxypeptidase) - 14C-ring + sulfamethoxazol toediening, want
→ Erythromycine 1e generatie: nalidixinezuur en = cotrimoxazol werken ook op
Penicillines celmembraan van
→ Ketoliden: clarithromycine, derivaten
- Natuurlijke penicillines humane cellen
telithromycine, …
→ Penicilline G (benzylpenicilline) 2e generatie: ciprofloxacine,
- 15C-ring
→ Penicilline V (fenoxymethylpenicilline)
→ Procaïne benzylpenicilline
→ Azaliden: azithromycine ofloxacine
→ Benzathine benzylpenicilline - 16C-ring
- Anti-stafylokokken penicillines → Spiramycine 3e generatie: levofloxacine,
→ Methicilline gemifloxacine, moxifloxacine
→ Isoxazolylpenicillines: oxacilline,
cloxacilline, dicloxacilline,
flucloxacilline
- Aminopenicillines
→ Amoxicilline (+ clavulaanzuur
= amoxiclav/augmentin)
→ Ampicilline (+ sulbactam = Unasyn)
- Temocilline
- Anti-pseudomonas penicillines
→ Piperacilline (+/- tazobactam
= Tazocin)
→ Ticarcilline (+/- clavulaanzuur)

, Cefalosporines
- 1e generatie
→ Cefazoline (IV)
→ Cefaclor (PO)
→ Cefadroxil, cefalexine, cefadrine,
cefatrizine (PO)
- 2e generatie
→ Cefamandol
→ Cefuroxime (IV, PO)
e
- 3 generatie
→ Ceftriaxone (IV)
→ Ceftazidime (IV)
→ Cefotaxime (IV)
- 4e generatie
→ Cefepime

Monobactams
- Aztreonam (IV)

Carbapenems
- Meropenem (IV)

Glycopeptiden: rem inbouw NacGlc-NacMur in Tetracyclines (30S) Rifampicine (RNA) Sulfonamiden
groeiende peptidoglycaanketens - Doxycycline - Inhibitie DNA-afhankelijk RNA-
- Vancomycine polymerase nodig voor mRNA
- Teicoplanine synthese
- Tuberculostaticum

Aminoglycosiden (30S)
- Gentamicine
- Tobramycine
- Amikacine
- Netilmycine
- (streptomycine)
- (kanamycine)

Lincosamiden (50S)
- Clindamycine
Oxazolidinonen (50S)
- Linezolid
Chloramphenicol (50S)
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