POLS 206 TAMU EXAM 1 Questions and Answers

POLS 206 TAMU EXAM 1 Questions and Answers Enumerated Powers -Answer-- Specific powers given to Congress - Stated under Article I, section 8 - necessary and proper clause - implied powers Reserved powers -Answer--10th Amendment - Powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the States or to the people - Forms the basis for many state laws - As long as the powers are not explicitly given to the national government and the Supreme Court has not deemed such a law unconstitutional Extradition clause -Answer-- Requires state to (return) criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial Dual federalism -Answer-- Posits that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement - A shift in the way federalism is interpreted - Layer cake Categorical grants -Answer-- Narrowly defined purposes such as federal highway grants to states for road construction - Often available on a matching basis; states must contribute some money to match some of the federal funds - Money given to states can alter their policy objectives Missouri Compromise 1820 -Answer-- → 1st major legislative compromise → Settle the slavery issue by drawing a line between state & free territory - NO slavery above 36°30' latitude like (except (state) Concurrent powers -Answer-- Those shared by the federal and state governments Examples of concurrent Powers -Answer--Power to tax -Right to borrow money -Can establish courts -Charter banks -Spend money for the general welfare Supremacy Clause -Answer-- Stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the U.S. are "supreme law of the land" Full faith and credit clause -Answer-- Requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states - ex: driver's license Cooperative federalism -Answer-- needed because of great depression - state and local governments are like federal field agents - The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local government that began with the New Deal (marble cake federalism) - needed because of great depression - new deal programs - Programs developed at federal level but administered by state Block grants -Answer-- For board purposes; consolidate many categorical grants into fewer, less restrictive grants - Ex. maintaining health or promoting education Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 -Answer-- Two states became slave states → Allowing future settlers in territories to decide slave/free state - repealed Missouri compromise - Congress delayed Kansas' entry into the union until 1861 Bill of attainder -Answer-- A law declaring an act illegal without providing a judicial trial Ex post facto law -Answer-- Laws that criminalize an act even if it was legal when committed - Increases the punishment for a crime after it was already committed - Changes the rule of evidence to make conviction easier - ex: speeding Necessary and proper clause -Answer-- Allows Congress to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government Nullification (nullification doctrine) -Answer-- States could invalidate federal laws deemed unconstitutional Privileges and immunities clause -Answer-- Guarantees that citizens of each state have same rights as citizens of all other states Civil liberties -Answer-- Personal guarantees and freedoms that government cannot abridge, either by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation - freedom from arbitrary and discriminatory treatment Espionage Act 1917 -Answer-- Prohibits sharing information with intent to interfere with operation or success of armed forces of U.S. or to promote the success of its enemies - Originally → prevent disclosure of classified information from an authorized person - Ex. Edward Snowden charged for leaking information → Worked for NSA Symbolic Speech -Answer-- The use of symbols, rather than words to convey ideas - Actions that convey a particular message - Men burned their draft cards during Vietnam War - Students wore black armbands to school to protest the war Libel -Answer-- False written statement that defames a chara