BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide (Straighterline A&P II) Questions and Answers Rated A+

BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide (Straighterline A&P II) Questions and Answers Rated A+ Viscosity of Blood? twice as thick as water How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? 20-60 seconds What is the composition of Blood 55% plasma, 45% formed elements, What are the fucntions of blood? -Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients -Regulats pH and osmosis process -Maintain body temperature -Protect against foreign substances -Assist in clotting What is the composition of plasma? 91% water 7% proteins 2% other solutes What proteins are found in blood plasma? albumin, globulins, fibrinogen What solutes are found in blood plasma? Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances What are two blood disorders Anemia and sickle-cell disease What is sickle-cell disease? an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin What is anemia? a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood How much blood does the heart pump per minute? ~5 1/4 Quarts per minute What are action potentials? Sequence of electrical changes when a nerve membrane receives a stimulus that exceeds a threshold What is depolarization? Loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane What is Repolarization? Gain of electrical charge on the surface of a membrane What are the functions of the heart? generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one- way blood flow, regulating blood supply What are the two divisions of the heart? Pulmonary Circuit and Systemic Circuit What are the components of the heart? Pericardium, Heart Wall, Chambers, Valves What is the pericardium? Double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and reduces friction between pericardial membranes What is the heart wall? Three protective layers of tissue What to chambers of the heart do? Receive and return blood from and to the body What is the purpose of heart valves? prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional What are the four valves of the heart? The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic valves on the left side. Blood flow through the heart SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body Arteries carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic Veins Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart Capillaries Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body Pulmonary hypertension Narrowed arteries in lungs and heart decrease blood flow from heart and decrease oxygen from lungs to rest of body components of lymphatic system lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs What is lymph? watery fluid contained in lymphatic vessels that contains white blood cells and antibodies What are lymphatic vessels? Thinner than veins and continuously filter cellular waste from the extracellular fluid by circulating it through lymph nodes What are the lymphatic tissue types? Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Reticular Cells What are lymphocytes? White blood cells found in lymph, blood, etc.m and provide immunity. They originate in bone marrow. What are the two lymphocytes? B cells and T cells What are B cells? Lymphocytes that produce antibodies