NCE Exam Questions and Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

cognitive dissonance - Answer-motivation to reduce discomfort (dissonance) caused by inconsistency in attitude and behavior bystander effect - Answer-the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help psycho-social theory - Answer-the belief that social interactions are more important than sexual drives in personality development (ex. Erikson's Eight Stages) psychodynamic theory - Answer-Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces ego psychologists - Answer-believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior Id - Answer-a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Erik Erikson - Answer-neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" ego - Answer-the largely conscious, "executive" part of the personality, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. Ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. relativistic thinking - Answer-the idea that in many situations there is not necessarily one right or wrong answer (gray area) Kegan - Answer-the model stresses interpersonal development, it is billed as a constructive model of development, meaning that individuals construct realist throughout the life span. Piaget - Answer-Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal operational.Piaget - Answer-findings based on his own children conservation - Answer-the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects concrete operational stage - Answer-in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events Lev Vygotsky's Theory - Answer-stages unfold due to educational intervention