NURS 420-Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

NURS 420-Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions infant developmental patterns - answer- cephalocaudal: head to toe, gross motor skills develop this way - proximodistal pattern: central to distal, development of fine motor skills - gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills 0-3 months milestones - answer- gross motor: lift head to 45 degrees when prone - fine motor: grasp reflex disappears, developing purposeful movement - communication: sensitive to the way they are held, tone of voice, prefer human faces, smile/laugh on purpose 3-6 months milestones - answer- gross motor: rolls both directions - fine motor: holds bottle, uses two hands for objects - communication: babbles 6-9 months milestones - answer- gross motor: sits unsupported, crawls - fine motor: transfers object hand to hand, crude pincer grasp - communication: "dada" "mama," understands no and bye, expresses frustration and anger 9-12 months milestones - answer- gross motor: stands, cruises - fine motor: drinks from cup, eat with spoon, best with fingers - communication: knows name, 3-5 words, can follow simple directions infant physical variations - answer- anterior and posterior fontanelles - strabismus is common until 6 months - pull pinna down and back - normally appears barrel chested (1:1 AP diameter) - diaphragmatic breathing - irregular respirations with occasional pauses - acrocyanosis may be present in newborns - irregular HR, presence of S2, asymptomatic murmurs - incomplete bone ossification - benign metatarsus adductus - passive immunity until 6 months - born with high levels of fetal Hgb and physiological anemia - skin variants: salmon patches, Mongolian spots, etc infant growth: weight - answer- newborns lose up to 10% of their body weight, regain after 2 weeks - gain 20-30g per day for first 3 months - should double weight by 4-6 months - should triple weight by 12 months infant growth: height - answer- should increase 50% by 12 months - grow 1.5-2.5 cm per month for the first 6 months - grow 1 cm per month for months 6-12 infant growth: head circumference - answer- average 4 inch growth over first year growth charts - answer- measure growth parameters for weight, length, and head circumference and plot on standardized growth charts to assess adequate physical growth for age - children typically remain in approximately the same growth percentiles over time - significant deviations (crossing two lines) from previous percentiles may indicate need for further assessment failure to thrive - answer- inadequate growth resulting from inability to obtain or use calories required for growth - not following the normal curve: below the chart, significant drop from their previous curve sight development in the infant - answer- born nearsighted (20/400 vision) - newborns prefer human faces and black and white patterns - eyes wander and occasionally cross (strabismus) - full color vision, distant vision, and ability to track by 7 months of age hearing in the infant - answer- intact at