Review for NUR 180 final Exam 2024

Review for NUR 180 final Exam 2024 ABG's -Answer-R.O.M.E. CO2 values -Answer-35-45 HCO3 values -Answer-22-26 Metabolic Alkalosis- causes -Answer-loss of gastric secretions, overdose of antacids, diuretics, excessive vomitting. Metabolic Alkalosis- symptoms -Answer-N/V, diaphoretic, shallow breathing, EKG changes, lethargy, tetany, muscle cramps, tingling in extremities. Metabolic Acidosis- causes -Answer-Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diarrhea, renal failure, shock, aspirin overdose, sepsis. Metabolic Acidosis- symptoms -Answer-Kussmal's breathing, diarrhea, renal secretions, CNS depression, cardiac dysrhythmias, ^ K+ Cl-Ca+, flushed skin, Nausea. *Give BICARB (antacid)* Respiratory Acidosis- causes -Answer-hypoventilation, drug overdose, chest trauma, pulmonary edema, airway obstruction, COPD, neuromuscular disease. HYPOVENTILATION. Respiratory Acidosis- symptoms -Answer-diaphoresis, K retention, dysrhythmias, seizures, hypoxia, decreased BP. Respiratory Alkalosis- causes -Answer-HYPERVENTILATION, anxiety, high altitude, pregnancy, fever, initial stage of PE. Respiratory Alkalosis- symptoms -Answer-HA, dizziness, lethargy, N/V, tachy, cyanosis, tetany, tinitis, *dec Ca+ and K+* signs of decreased calcium -Answer-1. trousseaus test 2. Chvostek's sign 3 phases of ARF -Answer-1. prerenal 2. intrarenal 3. postrenal post-op nursing care for lithotripsy -Answer-frequent VS, watch for copmplications, bleeding- bright red urine, placement and patency of catheter ARF diagnostic tests -Answer-Renal US, CT scan, IV pyelography, renal biopsy Lithotripsy -Answer-ESWL,sound, laser to dry shock waves to break up stone. open surgical procedures for Kidney stones -Answer-1. open ureterolithotomy - into ureter 2. pyelolithotomy - into kidney pelvis 3. nephrolithotomy - into kidney calcium stone med -Answer-thiazide diuretics *avoid dairy* Corticosteroids -Answer-fluticasone, prednison. potassium lab values -Answer-3.5-5.0 COPD rescue drugs -Answer-BETA AGONISTS. bronchodilation, improved hyperinflation, dyspnea. Most dramatic SX of ARF in younger adults -Answer-marked oliguria Anticholinergic Agents -Answer-ATROVENT, APOLPRAVENT, SPIRIVA. bronchodilation. long-acting beta agonist -Answer-SALMETEROL. slow onset w/ long duration. maintenance drug. NOT for attacks. Short-acting beta agonists -Answer-ALBUTEROL, BITOLTEROL, LEVABUTEROL, PIRBUTEROL, TERBUTALINE. used before or DURING asthma attack. Flucticasone ( FLOVENT) -Answer-BID, prevents asthma triggered by inflammation or allergies. NSAIDs -Answer-nedocromil, cromolyn sodium. Signs and symptoms of PC -Answer-Asymptomatic early on, BPH/obstruction symptoms, hematuria, malaise/fatigue, weight loss, pain w/ ejaculation. Low back pain w/ Mets. hypocalcemia symptoms -Answer-convulsions, arrhythias, tetany, spasms, stridor. Trousseaus, Chvosteks. NEVER IM! kayexalate -Answer-used for hyperkalemia, gets rid of excess potassium in blood. Acute Renal Failure -Answer-sudden onset, typically reversible, decreased blood flow, decreased blood volume, or damage to kidneys nephrons. prerenal phase -Answer-dec BP, dec volume, dec O2. Trauma, hemmorhage, burns, heart failure, sepsis. drop on GFR=drop in urine output. intrarenal phase -Answer-damage directly to kidneys, glomerular/microvascular injury, acute tubular necrosis. increase in proteins can cause vessels to clot and cut off blood supply. posrenal phase -Answer-after the kidneys, obstruction of urine flow by BPH, stones, tumors, or injury. Most common cause of ARF -Answer-ischemia, nephrotoxins