CSET Spanish Subtest V Graded A+

CSET Spanish Subtest V GradeCSET Spanish Subtest V Colombia currency - ANS Peso columbiano Venezuela currency - ANS Bolivar Ecuador currency - ANS Dolar estadounidense Peru currency - ANS Nuevo sol Bolivia currency - ANS Boliviano Chile currency - ANS Peso chileno Uruguay currency - ANS Peso uruguayo Paraguay currency - ANS Guarani Argentina currency - ANS Peso argentino Panama currency - ANS US Dollar Costa Rica currency - ANS Colon costarricense Guatemala currency - ANS Quetzal El Salvador currency - ANS Colon salvadoreno Honduras currency - ANS Lempira Nicaragua currency - ANS Cordoba Mexico currency - ANS Peso mexicano Cuba currency - ANS Peso cubano Domincan Republic - ANS Peso dominicano Puerto Rico currency - ANS Dolar estadounidense Phoenicians - ANS introduced writing, metal works, currency into Spain Muslims (Moors) in Spain - ANS Invaded Spain in 711 B.C. and conquered the Iberian Peninsula; contributed architecture, art, irrigation system, mathematics, science, medicine The Spanish Armada - ANS Strong fleet, 130 ships, destroyed in 1588 by England Queen Elizabeth I, marked the end to Spain's expansion into external territories Treaty of Paris - ANS 1898, Spanish American War, Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam General Francisco Franco - ANS Dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975 when he died, assisted by Italy and Germany, fascist Spanish Architecture - ANS Varied and reflects its history. It had a significant Roman influence from when it was a part of the Roman Empire. It then incorporated Arab features, especially in the area of Córdoba, under the Moors domination. Romanesque and gothic elements were later integrated. The 20th century brought Modernism to architecture, with Antoní Gaudi and Barcelona as its center. Contemporary Spanish architects are internationally recognized, among them Rafael Moneo, and Santiago Calatraca. Spanish Cinema - ANS 1930, Luis Bunuell, Carlos Saura, Pedro Almodovar Bourbons - ANS Great influence in Europe; Carlos II, Felipe V, Luis I, Fernando VI, Carlos III, Carlos IV Inquisition - ANS A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting crimes against the Church End of Reconquista - ANS Unification of Castile and Argon, Catholic forces took over El Cantor Mio Cid - ANS Anonymous, 114o Singing poem Takes place during the reconstruction Spanish possessions - ANS Islands belonging to Spain: the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands. The Balearic Islands are in the Mediterranean Sea, and include Mallorca, Menorca, and Ibiza. The Canary Islands are in the Atlantic Ocean, and include Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas. . (La) Celestina (also called, "Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea") - ANS "First" Spanish novel, dialogue, theatre and acts Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) - ANS Armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization Peninsular War - ANS A conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish Rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleons French troops out of Spain. El Siglo de Oro - ANS "The Golden Century" Spanish art, literature, music 1500s and 1600s Reconquista - ANS The retaking of the Iberian Peninsula by Spanish forces from the Moors. It was completed in 1492. Alhambra - ANS A palace and fortress built in Granada by the Muslims in the Middle Ages; Islamic and Christian architectural elements Federico Garcia Lorca - ANS Spanish poet/musician; Generacion de 27; realist; assassinated for being communist Francisco de Quevado y Villegas - ANS Spanish poet, politics, conceptismo Emilia Pardo Bazam - ANS The Countess Spanish novelist Tried to introduce naturalism First woman to graduate form the university Miguel de Unamuno - ANS Generation of 98 Philosopher and professor "The Tragic Sense of Life" Antonio Gaudi - ANS Architect of the Sagrada Familia, Barcelona Gothic, romantic, modern, oriental Parc Guell Casa Batllo Isabel y Fernando - ANS "The Catholic Monarchs" Married 1469 Marriage unified Spain Mayan - ANS Flourished from 3rd century A.D. to 16th, occupied Yucatan, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, advanced in science, astronomy, mathematics, solar year calendar, invented number 0, system of writing and historical record keeping Juan Gris - ANS Spanish painter, cubism, bright colors Aztec - ANS central Mexico from 12th century to 16th, conquered virtually all the tribes and still increasing their territory when Spain invaded, large city states, mandatory education for all no matter social status, capital Tenochtitlan Inca - ANS Cuzco its capital, located in Andes, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, center was Peru, royal family, organized army and roads, spoke Quechua; Machu Pichu Maya - ANS Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula,Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. Tikal and Chichen Itza Popol Vuh - ANS A book containing a version of the Mayan story of creation. Mexico Independence - ANS 1821, from Spain Miguel Hidalgo - ANS Priest under Virgin of Guadalupe banner led the Mexican Revolution, Sept. 16, 1810; executed in 1811 Simon Bolivar - ANS "The Liberator", led many independence movements, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish Jose Marti - ANS Cuban poet writer started Cuban Revolutionary Party sailed to Cuba to fight, died in 1895 during an invasion to Cuba U.S.S. Maine - ANS Its destruction used to justify U.S. intervention in Cuban independence against Spain and the annex of Guam, Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico (ie Spanish American War 1898) Mexican American War - ANS 1846 to 1848, U.S. versus General Antonio Lopez Santa Anna resulted in U.S. acquisition of Texas Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857 - ANS Exclusivity to Catholic Church as sole religion of Mexico, sparked bloody four year war between conservatives and liberals allied with moderates Cesar Chavez - ANS . Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. Chicano Movement - ANS 1960s, organized fight against discrimination faced by Latinos in education, employment and the legal system Retablos - ANS Spanish for "altarpiece". The screen placed behind an altar. Often very large, having many painted or carved panels. Santos/ holy figures Rigoberta Menchu - ANS 1959 - Guatemalan woman who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1992 for her work toward civil rights for Guatemala's poor farmers Indigenous feminist compadrazgo - ANS In Mexico, a godparent relationship, kinship, become the compadre, or godparent, of a newborn child, particularly at its baptism Ejidos - ANS Farmland owned collectively by members of a rural community Benefits citizens and economy Mesitzos - ANS A person of mixed Spanish/Eurpean and Native American heritage; mixed race; more than half of the Mexican population Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna - ANS Mexican president () who led an army against Texas Cuban Revolution (1959) - ANS In Cuba, the dictator Fulgencio Batista, gets overthrown by Fidel Castro (communist) Castro and USSR created fear corridos - ANS Narrative song or verse, romances Popular during Mexican revolution () Bracero program - ANS 1942, United States labor agreement, thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. 100,000 contracts Atzlan - ANS Ancestral homeland of the Aztec Empire. Brown berets - ANS Activist youth group formed in 1967 in response to police treatment of Mexican Americans. United Farm Workers - ANS Organization of migrant workers formed to win better wages and working conditions led by Cesar Chavez Zoot Suit Riots (1943) - ANS A series of riots that originated in Los Angeles between White soldiers stationed in the cities and Latinos. Lemon Grove Incident - ANS 1931, the school board of Lemon grove met to discuss the growing Mexican community. Principal stood at door, turned away Mexican students The idea was to create a separate school for the Mexicans. Mexican flag colors - ANS Green- hope and victory White- purity of Mexican ideals Red- blood shed by nation's heroes Ruben Salazar - ANS Was a Mexican-American journalist for LA TIMES killed by a Los Angeles County Sheriff's deputy during the National Chicano Moratorium March/Protest Mexican-American War - ANS () The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory (CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM) Mexican-American War Outcomes - ANS Mexicans who stayed in US-Granted citizenship Emigration- Cheap labor for employers Anti-latino sentiment- discrimination Lynching Effects of the Great Depression - ANS 1920 Anti-mex sentiment Mexican and MexAmericans accused of stealing American jobs U.S forcibly removed 2 million people of Mexican decent- 60 percent were American citizens Involuntary removal Benito Juarez - ANS Liberal president after 1857 constitution bloody war debacle; reduced powers of Catholic church General Porfirio Diaz - ANS Mexican dictator/president for 34 years, which led to the Mexican Revolution came after Benito Juarez. Mexico made tangible economic advances under him Pinche Pancho Vila - ANS President of Mexico 1915, assassinated in 1923 Álvaro Obregón - ANS Became president of Mexico in 1920 through 1924, assassinated in 1928 Sergeant Fulgencio Batista - ANS President of Cuba before Castro revolution. Pro-American Fidel Castro - ANS "President" of Cuba from 1976 to 2008 Anastasio Aquino - ANS Led indigenous revolt against criollos and mestizos in 1832 in El Salvador, led to El Salvador becoming independent from the United Central American Provines Archbishop Oscar Romero (El Salvador) - ANS Murdered in 1980, had implored U.S. to cease aid to El Salvador's armed forces, spoke against poverty, social injustices, and assassinations; declared saint in 2018; murder led to new constituent assembly Amazonian Border Dispute - ANS 1941, Ecuador versus Peru, resulted in Peru annexing 200k kilometers of Ecuador's territory Salvador Allende - ANS President of Chile murdered or died by suicide after his government overthrown by military led by General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte in 1973 General Juan Manuel de Rosas - ANS Dictator of Argentina in 1835 General Juan Peron - ANS Dictator of Argentina after he won 1946 election until 1955, returned from exile in 1973, elected president for some reason and died a year later Revolucion Libertadora - ANS Ousted Juan Peron in 1955 and placed a temporary government under General Eduardo Lonardi Maria Isabel Peron - ANS As vice president of Argentina, she assumed power after her husband, former dictator of Argentina, died, deposed by a military junta in 1976 Proceso de Reorganizacion Nacional - ANS Deposed Maria Isabel Peron in 1976 from her position as Argentinian president, led by Jorge Rafael Videla Raul Alfonsin - ANS Elected president of Argentina in 1983 Mexico Geography - ANS Mexico industrial power in telecommunication, natural gas, petroleum, electric, seaports, railroad; agriculture: corn, beans, cotton, potatoes; major producer of silver; Ciudad de Mexico Tenochititlan capital for Aztecs til 1521; Guatemala Geography - ANS Hot tropical climate; agriculture: coffee, bananas, sugar, north: lowlands; south: coastal; rest of country is mountainous; Mayan language in rural areas; Ciudad de Guatemala is capital Honduras Geography - ANS Agriculture: coffee, bananas, sugar; more recently textiles and shrimp; Capital: Tegucigalpa El Salvador Geography - ANS 2nd strongest economy in Central America, telecommunications, banking, textile industry; agriculture: coffee, cotton, sugar cane; no coastline to Caribbean Sea; Capital: San Salvador; Nahuatl prominently spoken throughout Nicaragua Geography - ANS Agriculture: corn, cotton, coffee, bananas, tobacco; raise cattle; 7% of world's bio diversity hence protected as biological reserve; Largest Central American country; Capital: Managua Costa Rica Geography - ANS Agriculture: coffee, bananas, cocoa, sugar cane, potatoes, fruit; pharmaceuticals, electronics, financial outsourcing and software development; One of oldest democracies in Western Hemisphere; NO ARMY, civil guard only; 5% of world's bio diversity; Capital: San Jose; population mostly Caucasian; Spanish primary language, English secondary. Panama - ANS Agriculture: bananas; banking and commerce; Colon free trade zone; Smallest Spanish speaking country in West; Capital Panama city; MELTING POT; 9% population Chinese Bolivia Geography - ANS Rich in minerals: zinc, lead, sulfur, gold; natural gas; Capital: La Paz; Highest indigenous population in all America; Primary languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara equally recognized Peru Geography - ANS Mining industry: copper, gold, etc; agriculture: corn, cotton, fruit trees; fishing; raise llamas, sheep, goats, Cebu cattle in Amazon climate; Capital: Lima, original fishing village; 2nd official language: Quechuais Ecuador Geography - ANS Agriculture: bananas mostly, coffee, cacao, fine woods, flowers, shrimp, tuna; features: Capital: Quito; Guayaquil main port; Cuenca center for artisans: silver, gold, pottery. Colombia Geography - ANS Agriculture: coffee Medellin center of industry, topsoil, bananas; petroleum, flowers, carbon, gold, silver, platinum, emeralds; Capital: Bogota Venezuela Geography - ANS Minor agriculture: coffee, cocoa; major producer of petroleum; 7th largest oil reserve in world; Capital: Caracas Argentina Geography - ANS Traditional middle class economy; livestock, grains, wines, meats, textiles, leather goods, chemicals; Capital: Buenos Aires with most active seaports; Rosario also major city; German Spanish, Italian are majority of population; native Indians are small population; Largest Jewish population in Latin America Uruguay Geography - ANS Cattle major industry; agriculture: cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, soy bean, cement, lime, vegetable oils; Capital: Montevideo major port Paraguay Geography - ANS Agricultural based economy: tea leaves, wood; Capital: Asuncion major port; Languages: Guarani and Spanish Chile Geography - ANS Industry: copper, mineral ore; agriculture: grapevines, cereals; Patagonia adjoined to Antartica; Capital: Santiago Cuba Geography - ANS Agriculture: sugar cane, tobacco, rice; raise cattle, fish; rich in mineral deposits: nickel; pharmaceutical industry; Last surviving commuinist state in Latin America; First to be discovered by Colombus; Capital: Havana; Castle of el Morro used as fort to protect from pirates; Guantanamo U.S. naval base Domincan Republic Geography - ANS Agricultural economy: sugar cane, cocoa, coffee, plantains, corn, citrus, green veggies, pineapples, flowers; fishing; largest open pit gold mine; Capital: Santo Domingo Puerto Rico Geography - ANS Agriculture: mostly sugar cane; petrochemical and pharmaceutical tech industries rising; mostly mountainous U.S. possession in 1898, known as commonwealth; U.S. citizenship since 1917; Discovered by Colombus in 1493; Capital: San Juan since 1508 by Ponce de Leon with ancient forts from Spanish Colonial era. Cristobal Colon - ANS 1492, Santo Domingo, first European colony Juan Ponce de Leon - ANS Established Spanish colony in Puerto Rico in 1508; Discovered Florida in 1513 searching for the Fountain of Youth Vasco Nuñez de Balboa - ANS Located Pacific Ocean in 1513 Hernan Cortes - ANS Discovered/conquered and destroyed Aztec empire, 1521 Fray Vasquez de Coronado - ANS Discovered Grand Canyon searching for seven cities of Cibola Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca - ANS Explored Florida, Mississippi, and northern Mexico Fray Junipero Serra - ANS Evangelist that founded series of missions in CA Alfonso X - ANS "The wise" King of Castilla, prominent Spanish author in Middle Ages; topics focused on history and astronomy Garcilaso de la Vega - ANS Soldier and poet represented Renaissance in Spain; introduced sonnet into Spain Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra - ANS Don Quijote de la Mancha, satirical novel; conflict between idealism and materialism; captured by pirates for 5 years, Spaniard Felix Lope de Vega - ANS Spanish writer; creator of the National Theater of Spain, 3-act comedies Royal Spanish Academy - ANS Created in 1713, responsible for regulating Spanish language. Motto: Limpia, fija y da esplendor. Linguistic planning, agreement, common standards among Spanish speaking regions. Gustavo Adolfo Becquer - ANS Spanish lyrical poet, rimas Benito Perez Galdos - ANS Most important Spanish novelist of 19th century, violent critic of religious intolerance and social injustice , influenced by Dickens and Balzac War of 1898 and the Generation of '98 - ANS Spain lost rest of colonial empire, Spanish American War; sparked the rise of intellectuals who called themselves the Generation of '98 Generation of '27 - ANS Federico Garcia Lorca and Vicente Aleixandre were a member of this influential group of poets that experimented with avant-garde forms of art and poetry in the early 20th century. Spanish Civil War () - ANS In 1936 the army revolted and civil war began- between the Rebels and Loyalists. Republicans were backed by most ordinary Spaniards and the Soviet Union. Rebels/Nationalist were backed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. This ended in 1939 with a victory for the Rebels. Ruben Dario - ANS Nicaraguan poet, aka Prince of Spanish Literature aka Father of Modernism, poems mix of traditionalism, romanticism, fusion of themes Gabriel Garcia Marquez - ANS Magical Realism meshing supernatural with everyday events, pioneer of Latin American "Boom," Nobel Prize in 1982, Cien Años de Soledad, Colombiano, wrote on Colombia's mosaic picture of daily life Jorge Luis Borges - ANS Argentinian, short stories compounded philosophy with entire universe of its ideas, English Lit Professor, Death and the Compass Octavio Paz - ANS Mexican poet and writer, focus on union of civil liberty, nature, and its corresponding love; Mexico's most prestigious poet of 20th century, Nobel Prize in 1990 Pablo Neruda - ANS Chilean Poet on historical power of Latin America, reflected on its vitality and soul; Marxist; Nobel Prize in 1971 Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz - ANS Mexican nun, scholar, lyric poet, affirmed women's strengths and individual rights Flamenco - ANS Spain's folkloric music dancing, from Andalucia, mix of Arab, gypsy, Jewish music of 14th century, guitar Zarzuela - ANS Spanish music known for its combo of music, song, spoken dialogue, choruses, dance; Francisco Ansenjo Barbieri and Tomas Breton famous composers of zarzuela El Prado - ANS Famous museum in Spain, Madrid, 12th century European art to early 19th century based on former Spanish Royal Collection Domenico Theotocopoulos "El Greco" - ANS Spanish expressionistic painter known as El Greco, born in Crete, lived in Toledo, work has religious undertones by way he lengthens his figures Diego Velazquez - ANS Leading Spanish artist of King Philip IV, portratist, Baroque period, painted historically and culturally significant scenes; famous work: Las Meninas (1656) Bartolome Esteban Murrillo - ANS Religious painter from Spain; painted Immacculate Conception, Assumption of the Virgin Francisco de Goya - ANS Spanish painter, painted what he wanted, not told, romantic, last of Old Masters and first of moderns, painter for Spanish Crown, subversive, imaginative, bold; influenced Mane and Picasso Jose Maria Sert - ANS Famous Spanish painter for painting Don Quixote Pablo Picasso - ANS Spanish painter, cubism, rejecting traditional perspectives; famous works: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937), latter portrayed German bombing of Guernica during Spanish Civil War Joan Miro - ANS Abstract and surrealist Spanish painter Salvador Dali - ANS Spanish Catalan surrealist, creativity of subconscious mind, influenced by Renaissance; known for The Persistency of Memory (1931); worked in film, sculpture, painting, photography Diego Rivera - ANS Mexican muralist and painter, influenced by cubism, post impressionism, too, murals represented political and social themes; wall works painted in fresco; established Mexican Mural renaissance Jose Clemente Orozco - ANS Mexican muralist, depicted Mexican Revolution, painted frescos at Palace of the Arts in Mexico City, also found in US Dartmouth College David Alfaro Siquieros - ANS Mexican painter, murals, realism, idealism, arrested for political expressions Miguel Covarrubias - ANS Mexican painter of caricatures; drawings printed in magazines, famous in U.S. too Cesareo Bernaldo de Quiros - ANS Argentinian impressionist painter, represented life of a gaucho, depicted the history of the Pampas Wilfredo Lam - ANS Cuban surrealist painter, Afro Cuban elements in works, some works displayed in Museum of Modern Art in NYC Roberto Matta - ANS Chilean surrealist painter Alejandro Obregon - ANS Colombian abstract painter Fernando Botero - ANS Colombian figurative painter (Boteroismo) Jose Enrique Rodo - ANS Uruguayan writer who wrote modernistic essays The best modernistic prose writer Central themes: democracy, morality, and idealism "Ariel" and "Los motivos de proteo" Horacio Quiroga - ANS Uruguayan Writer Short stories Influenced by Edgar Allan Poe Isabelle Allende - ANS Peru/Chilean Writer Fantasy, realism, magic realism Influenced by Gabriela Garcia Marquez Frida Kahlo - ANS 20th century Mexican Painter Surrealism Self portraits Feminine form "Hispanic" music - ANS Salsa, Merengue, Calypso, Mambo, Cumbia, Vallenato, Mariachi, Ranchera, Musica Andina, Tango (Argentinian and Uruguayan folklore) range in mix of genres and classical and folkloric rhythms and melodies of Caribbean, Spanish, indigenous, western and European cultures. Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru) - ANS Peruvian Novelist Realism/ Vulgar human nature Nobel Prize Carlos Fuentes was a famous Mexican ______. - ANS writer Julio Cortazar () - ANS Argentinian writer stories, essays, and novels reality, fantasy and absurd surrealist images Works: Rayuela, Final de juego, Bestiario Ernesto Sabato - ANS Writer from Argentina Scientific books, literature, science, metaphysics, and politics Juan Rulfo - ANS Mexican writer Novel and short stories Magic realism Domingo Faustino Sarmiento - ANS Argentinian writer and politician President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874. Interested in education In 1845, he wrote his novel Civilización y barbarie: vida de Facundo Quiroga, also known as Facundo. Syncretism - ANS A blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith Indigenous + Catholic d A+