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Samenvatting deel 1 fysiologie

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Deel 1 fysiologie: - Hoodstuk 1: Inleiding in de fysiologie - Hoofdstuk 2: Moleculaire interacties - Hoofdstuk 3: Compartimentatie - cellen en weefsels - Hoofdstuk 5: Dynamiek van membranen - Hoofdstuk 6: Communicatie, integratie en homeostase

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Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten




CELBIOLOGIE PARTIM
FYSIOLOGIE

Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Inleiding in de fysiologie............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1. Wat is “fysiologie”? ......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Fysiologische systemen ................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3. Functie en proces ............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.4. Homeostase..................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5. Het ‘physiome project’ .................................................................................................................................... 8

1.6. Belangrijkste concepten in fysiologie .............................................................................................................. 8
1.7. Wetenschap achter fysiologie (?) .................................................................................................................... 8

Hoofdstuk 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Moleculaire interacties............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Herhaling chemie ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Atomen ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Belangrijke ionen in het lichaam: ....................................................................................................................... 9
Soorten bindingen .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Polair en apolair ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Verbinding van moleculen.................................................................................................................................. 9

2.2. Biomoleculen................................................................................................................................................. 10
Functionele groepen ........................................................................................................................................ 10

Suikers .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Lipiden .............................................................................................................................................................. 10

Aminozuren ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Proteïne ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Nucleotiden ...................................................................................................................................................... 11


Pagina 1 van 35

,Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten


Samenvatting.................................................................................................................................................... 11

2.3. Waterige oplossingen, zuren, basen, buffers ................................................................................................ 12

2.4. Proteïnen en proteïne-interacties ................................................................................................................. 12
1. Soorten ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

2. Proteïnebinding ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Hoofdstuk 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 15

Compartimentatie: cellen en weefsels..................................................................................................................... 15
3.1. Functionele lichaamscompartimenten.......................................................................................................... 15
3.2. Biologische membranen................................................................................................................................ 16

Kenmerken van membranen............................................................................................................................ 16
Samenstelling van een membraan ................................................................................................................... 16

Fosfolipiden ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

Dubbel, vloeibaar model .................................................................................................................................. 17
3.3. Intracellulaire compartimenten .................................................................................................................... 17

3.4. Weefsel.......................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.5. Weefselhernieuwing ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Hoofdstuk 5 .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
Dynamiek van membranen ...................................................................................................................................... 21

5.1. Massabalans en homeostase ........................................................................................................................ 21

1. Uit ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
2. “Mass flow” .................................................................................................................................................. 21

3. Homeostase.................................................................................................................................................. 21
4. Transport ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

5.2. Diffusie .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Algemeen ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Diffusie doorheen een membraan ................................................................................................................... 22

Flux ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
5.3. Proteïne-gemedieerd transport .................................................................................................................... 23

1. Soorten ......................................................................................................................................................... 23

2. Membraanproteïnen .................................................................................................................................... 25
3. Specificiteit ................................................................................................................................................... 26

4. Competitie .................................................................................................................................................... 26
5. Saturatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 26


Pagina 2 van 35

,Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten


5.4. Vesiculair transport ....................................................................................................................................... 27

1. Fagocytose.................................................................................................................................................... 27

2. Endocytose ................................................................................................................................................... 27
3. Exocytose...................................................................................................................................................... 27

5.5. Transepithiaal transport ................................................................................................................................ 28
1. Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 28

2. Transepithiaal glucosetransport................................................................................................................... 28
3. Trancytose .................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.6. Osmose en toniciteit ..................................................................................................................................... 29

Water in het lichaam ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Osmose ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Osmolariteit...................................................................................................................................................... 29

Toniciteit........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Samenvatting.................................................................................................................................................... 30

5.7. Rustmembraanpotentiaal ............................................................................................................................. 31
5.8. Geïntegreerde membraanprocessen: insulinesecretie ................................................................................. 31

Hoofdstuk 6 .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
Communicatie, integratie, homeostase ................................................................................................................... 32

6.1. Cel-cel communicatie .................................................................................................................................... 32

1. Lokaal............................................................................................................................................................ 32
2. Lange afstand ............................................................................................................................................... 32

6.2. Signaalpathways of signaalwegen ................................................................................................................. 33
Signaalpathways ............................................................................................................................................... 33

Signaalpathway-versterking ............................................................................................................................. 33

Pathways .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
6.3. Nieuwe signaalmolecule................................................................................................................................ 35




Pagina 3 van 35

, Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten



Hoofdstuk 1

Inleiding in de fysiologie
1.1. Wat is “fysiologie”?
“Fysiologie” = Fysiologische systemen, functie en proces, homeostase, …
= Studie v.e. normaal werkend, levend organisme & zijn onderdelen (+ chemische & fysische
processen)

Geschiedenis:
Aristoteles: “Kennis van de natuur” à Studie van alle levende organismen
Hippocrates: “Geneeskracht van de natuur” à Medictaie
e
16 eeuw Vitale functies van de mens
Nu Studie van plant en dier
Bijna heel de geneeskunde is gebaseerd op fysiologie

Fysiologie bestudeert de werking en (biologische) FUNCTIE van levende materie
Hand in hand met andere wetenschappen: anatomie, biochemie, chemie, fysica, …

>< Wat is “leven”? (Zie evolutiebiologie)
Zeven karakteristieken:
¨ Complex, georganiseerd, cellen
¨ Homeostase
¨ Reageren op prikkels
¨ Nood aan energie
¨ Mogelijkheid tot groei
¨ Mogelijkheid tot reproductie
¨ Mogelijkheid tot evolueren

Voorbeelden:
• Kleurzicht 2 soorten van ‘zien’ (Licht nodig voor kleurzicht >< Donker)
• Planten Nemen alleen blauw en rood licht op (golflengte)
• Geeuwen Bij moe worden onregelmatige ademhaling à Veel zuurstof door geeuwen
• Embryologie Zuurstof afknippen van moeder
• Bloedgroepen RBC zijn anders bij elke bloedgroep
• Mond Mond dichthouden: spieren houden (zware) kaak ophoog >< Slapen: geen correctie
• Bloeddruk
• Koorts
• Staan Loodrecht tegen zwaartekracht in staan

Plantenfysiologie: kleuren reflecteren
Mensenfysiologie: kleuren opnemen en dus zien!




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