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Samenvatting deel 2 fysiologie

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Deel 2 fysiologie: - Hoofdstuk O1: Neuronen - cellulaire eigenschappen en eigenschappen van een netwerk - Hoofdstuk O2: Fysiologie van de voortbeweging - Hoofdstuk O3: Fysiologie van ademhaling en circulatie - Hoofdstuk O4: Homeostatische regelmechanismen

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Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten




CELBIOLOGIE PARTIM
FYSIOLOGIE: DEEL 2
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk O1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Neuronen: cellulaire eigenschappen en eigenschappen van een netwerk ............................................................... 5
1.1. Het zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Organisatie van het zenuwstelsel ZS ........................................................................................................................ 5

2. Anatomische indeling ............................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Fysiologische indeling............................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2. Cellen van het zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................... 6

1. Neuronen.................................................................................................................................................................. 6
2. Gliacellen .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

3. Axonaal transport ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3. Elektrische signalen in neuronen .............................................................................................................................. 8

1. (Rust)membraanpotentiaal ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Potentiaalverschil ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

3. Actiepotentiaal ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

1.4. Voortbeweging van prikkels – prikkelgeleiding......................................................................................................... 9
1. Geschiedenis ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

2. Actiepotentiaal ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
3. Refractaire periode................................................................................................................................................... 9

4. Snelheid van de voortbeweging ............................................................................................................................. 10

5. Casus pathofysiologie ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.5. Neurotransmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 11

1. Synapsen ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2. Twee soorten ZS ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

3. Vrijstelling van neurotransmitters.......................................................................................................................... 12

4. Einde van de neurotransmissie .............................................................................................................................. 12
5. Hoeveelheid neurotransmitters ............................................................................................................................. 12


Pagina 1 van 43

,Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten


1.6. Neurale netwerken.................................................................................................................................................. 13

1. Divergentie & convergentie ................................................................................................................................... 13
2. Postsynaptische responsen .................................................................................................................................... 13

3. Summatief effect van meedere neuronen ............................................................................................................. 14

4. Presynaptische inhibitie ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Hoofdstuk O2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
Fysiologie van de voortbeweging ............................................................................................................................. 15
2.1. Beweging van één- en meercelligen........................................................................................................................ 15
1. Amoeboïde beweging............................................................................................................................................. 15
3. Flagellaire beweging ............................................................................................................................................... 15
2. Cilliaire beweging ................................................................................................................................................... 15

4. Contractie ............................................................................................................................................................... 15

5. Neuromusculaire transmissie ................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2. Soorten spieren ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

2.3. Skeletspierweefsel................................................................................................................................................... 16
1. Structuur................................................................................................................................................................. 16

2. Sarcotubulair systeem ............................................................................................................................................ 17

3. Contractiel apparaat............................................................................................................................................... 17
4. Spiercontractie ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

5. Enkelvoudige en tetanische contractie .................................................................................................................. 21
6. Energievoorziening ................................................................................................................................................. 21

2.3. Hartspierweefsel ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
1. Kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
2. Structuur................................................................................................................................................................. 23
3. Contractie ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4. Glad spierweefsel .................................................................................................................................................... 24
1. Plaatsen van voorkomen ........................................................................................................................................ 24
2. Functie .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
3. Structuur................................................................................................................................................................. 25

4. Contractie ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
5. Contractiepatroon .................................................................................................................................................. 25

.................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
6. Cel-cel communicatie ............................................................................................................................................. 26

7. Excitatie-contractie koppeling ................................................................................................................................ 26

Pagina 2 van 43

,Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten


8. Verschillen met andere spierweefsels (!) ............................................................................................................... 26

2.5. Alle spieren .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Hoofdstuk O3 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Fysiologie van ademhaling en circulatie................................................................................................................... 28
3.1. Algemene functies................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2. Bouw van het ademhalingsstelsel ........................................................................................................................... 28

1. Onderverdeling....................................................................................................................................................... 28

2. Bouw....................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3. Proces van ademhaling: 3 stappen.......................................................................................................................... 29
1. Stap 1: Longventilatie ............................................................................................................................................. 29
2. Stap 2: Gaswisseling ............................................................................................................................................... 29

3. Stap 3: Gastransport............................................................................................................................................... 29

4. Stappenplan............................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.4. Longvolumes en longcapaciteiten ..................................................................................................................... 30

3.5. Ademhalingsbewegingen ........................................................................................................................................ 31
1. Rusttoestand van de thorax ................................................................................................................................... 31

2. Inademing: actief.................................................................................................................................................... 31

3. Uitademing: passief en/of actief ............................................................................................................................ 31
3.6. Transport en uitwisseling van ademhalingsgassen ................................................................................................. 32

3.7. Transport O2 en CO2 ............................................................................................................................................... 33
1. Samenstelling van bloed......................................................................................................................................... 33

2. Zuurstofdissociatiecurve of oxyhemoglobine-saturatiecurve ................................................................................ 35
3. Transport van CO2.................................................................................................................................................. 36
Hoofdstuk O4 ........................................................................................................................................................... 37
Homeostatische regelmechanismen ........................................................................................................................ 37
4.1. Waterhouding – osmoregulatie .............................................................................................................................. 37
1. Hypotoon – Isotoon – Hypertoon........................................................................................................................... 37
2. Evolutionaire context ............................................................................................................................................. 37
3. Eencellig – Meercellig............................................................................................................................................. 37
4. Excretie van afvalstoffen ........................................................................................................................................ 38

5. De nier .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
4.2. pH-regeling .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

1. Gevaren van een foute pH ..................................................................................................................................... 42
2. H+ balans in het lichaam ........................................................................................................................................ 42


Pagina 3 van 43

, Fysiologie Bachelor 1 (2016 – 2017) Sophie Rutten


4.3. Thermoregulatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 43

1. Algemeen................................................................................................................................................................ 43
2. Warmteveranderingen worden gemeten .............................................................................................................. 43

3. Lichaamstemperatuur en pathogenen ................................................................................................................... 43




Pagina 4 van 43

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