BYUI Unit 2 Genetics Bio 181 exam (100% correct and graded A+)

alternation of generations - Answer-a life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate chiasmata (chiasma) - Answer-the structure that forms at the cross over points after genetic material is exchanged cohesin - Answer-proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centimetres until anaphase Crossover - Answer-exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism Fertilization - Answer-union of 2 haploid cells from 2 individual organisms gametophyte - Answer-The multicellular haploid life cycle stage that produces gametes germ cells - Answer-specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg Interkinesis (Interphase II) - Answer-brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II life cycle - Answer-the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring Meiosis - Answer-a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells Meiosis I - Answer-the first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid Meiosis II - Answer-the second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated from each other, and the result is four unique haploid cellsrecombination nodules - Answer-protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between non-sister chromatids reduction division - Answer-a nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division somatic cell - Answer-all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells spore - Answer-haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell sporophyte - Answer-a multicellular diploid life cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis synapsis - Answer-the formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I synaptonemal complex - Answer-protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover