AAO Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated

AAO Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 4 joints of shoulder girdle - answer1. AC joint clavicle and scapula 2. Sternoclavicular joint 3. Glenohumeral joint 4. Scapulothoracic joint Where does scapula sit on thoracic cage? - answer2nd rib to 7th rib in thoracic spine Scapula vertebral border What plane is scapula in? - answerIn a plane between frontal and sagittal 30 degrees in front of frontal plane How does scapula get impingement? - answerwhen scapula not laying on thoracic cage (injury? weakness?) Components of clavicle - answerSternal end, acromial end, body Sternal end more THIN Acromial end more THICK Clavicle movements (tilt? glide? rotate?) - answerTilting and gliding No rotating Clavicle injury - answerFractures less treated Forced to heal on their own unless it has to be pinned/ plated Will not completely impair UE fuction Components of sternoclavicular joint - answerAnterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Costoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Articular disc (gliding/tilt clavicle "anterior and posterior rotations") Components of acromioclavicular joint - answerSuperior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments (joint capsule is unstable) Coracoclavicular ligaments (medial "conoid" portion and lateral "trapezoid" portion) Coracoacromial ligament (shoulder stability, just attaches 2 points of scapula not actually crossing clavicle) Form a roof over our shoulder The space below that is what causes pain/issues Scapula motions - answerElevation, depression, protraction, retraction Upward rotation: inferior angle rotating up/ away from spine Downward rotation: inferior angle rotating down/ closer to spine Scapular tilt: inferior angle coming up and away from thoracic cage (ex: clasp hands behind back and extend arms fully, does not happen w functional movements) Scapulohumeral rhythm: maintain this, scapula across thoracic cage... humerus in glenoid... full upper limb elevation... tilts glenoid fossa up... 30 deg abduction Shoulder girdle muscles - answerUpper trapezius: scapula elevation and upward rotation at acromion Middle trapezius: scapula retraction Lower trapezius: scapula depression and upward rotation just like upper trap too Levator scapula: scapula elevation and downward rotation Rhomboids: scapula retraction/ elevation/ downward rotation (when these get weak, scapula will wing off thoracic cage and cause instability and bad posture) Serratus anterior: scapula protraction and upward rotation Pectoralis minor: scapula depression, protraction, downward rotation, and TILT! (also helps strengthen stability and posture) Scapula force couples (muscles pulling in different directions to accomplish same motion) - answerUpward rotation when upper traps pulling up, lower traps pulling down, serratus anterior pulling up horizonta