AAO Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated

AAO Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated What are the articulations of the pelvic girdle? - answer-R and L sacroiliac joints - posterior -Symphysis pubis - anterior -Lumbosacral joint - superiorly Function of the pelvic - answer-Supports weight of the body and posture -Receives ground forces generated by the foot -Moves in all three planes allowing smooth movement What is the false pelvis - answer-Area between iliac crests and superior to pelvic inlet -Pelvic inlet = sacral promontory to superior border of symphysis pubis anteriorly -No pelvic organs here What is the true pelvis - answer-Between pelvic inlet and outlet -Pelvic outlet - drawing a line from the tip of the coccyx of the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis -Makes up the pelvic cavity - GI tract, urinary tract, some reproductive organs, and birth canal Differences between male and female pelvis - answer-Female inlet is larger & more circular -Female pelvis as a whole is shallower, bones are lighter and thinner -Female ilia flares more laterally -Female sacrum is shorter and less curved -Female outlet is larger and pubic arch is more rounded What happens in nutation? - answer-Anterior tilt -Sacral flexion (flexing forward) -Base of sacrum moves ant and inf, inferior coccyx moves posteriorly, pelvic outlet becomes larger -Occurs in trunk flexion/hip extension -Occupation - reaching down to put your pants on What happens in counternutation? - answer-Posterior tilt -Sacral extension (bending backward) -Base of sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly, coccyx moves anteriorly, pelvic inlet becomes larger -Occurs in trunk extension/hip flexion What are the ligaments of the pelvis - answeranterior sacroiliac - holds anterior portion of the joint interosseous sacroiliac - Connects the tuberosities of the ilium to the sacrum posterior sacroiliac - short and long (prevents downward sacral movement) Accessory ligaments of the pelvis - answersacrotuberous, sacrospinous (sciatic nerve passes through both of these), iliolumbar What is the pubic symphysis? - answer-R and L pubic bones meet here -fibrocartilage disk lies here -Amphiarthrotic - typically little movement, lots of movement during pregnancy Lumbosacral angle - answer-Increases in anterior tilt/increased lordosis -Decreases in posterior tilt/flat back -Shape and fit of inferior articular process of L5 is seated inside and behind the superior articular process of S1 What are the sagittal plane motions of the pelvic girdle? - answer-Anterior tilt - ASIS moves anterior to pubic symph. Lumbar portion of spine goes into hyperext and hips flex -Posterior tilt - ASIS moves posterior to pubic symph. Tight hamstrings - lumbar curve is flat What are the frontal plane motions of the pelvic girdle? - answer-Lateral tilt - iliac crests are not level -Side that is unsupported (non-WB) is point of reference -Pelvis is level with both feet on the ground What are the transverse plane motions of the pelvic girdle? - answer-Pelvic rotation - one side of the pelvis moves forward or backward -Landmarks - left and right ASIS Force coupling of anterior tilt - answer-Lumbar trunk extensors (erector spinae) pull up posteriorly/shorten -Hip flexors pull down anteriorly/shorten Force coupling of posterior tilt - answer-Sway back -Trunk flexors (abs) pull up anteriorly -Hip extensors (glutes and hamstrings) pull down posteriorly What muscle groups on the R and L sides pull the pelvis to stay level? - answer-Left trunk lateral benders (erector spinae and quadratus lumborum) pull up on the left side -Right hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus) pull down on the right side Habitual anterior tilt - muscle groups involved - answer-Lumbar spine in hyperextension and hips in flexion -Rectus abdominis, gluteus, and hamstrings are stretched, require strengthened -Hip flexors and erector spinae are shortened, will need to be stretched Habitual posterior tilt - muscle groups involved - answer-Lumbar curve is reduct, hips slightly hyperextend -Rectus abdominis, gluteus, and hamstrings are shortened, require stretching -Hip flexors and erector spinae are