Michelle's CPDT Prep questions and answers latest top score.

Michelle's CPDT Prep questions and answers latest top score. Positive (P+) - correct answer. adds something to the environment Reinforcement - correct answer. increases behavior Punishment - correct answer. decreases the behavior Positive Reinforcement (R+) - correct answer. ADDS something to promote an INCREASE in behavior (e.g. feed a treat) Positive Punishment (P+) [FEAR or PAIN] - correct answer. ADDS something to promote a DECREASE in behavior (e.g. jerk the leash) Negative - correct answer. removes something from the environment Negative Reinforcement (R-) [RELIEF] - correct answer. REMOVES something to promote the INCREASE in behavior (e.g. stop loud music) Negative Punishment (P-) [DISAPPOINTMENT/FRUSTRATION] - correct answer. REMOVES something to promote a DECREASE in behavior (e.g. take away a toy) threshold - correct answer. point at which animal stops thinking consciously Operant conditioning - correct answer. if a dog MUST learn to do something, it's operant conditioning Replacement Behavior - correct answer. is what you teach your dog to do instead of the problem behavior Cut-off signals - correct answer. distance increasing behavior Habituation - correct answer. The ability to stop reacting to meaningless stimuli [NOTE: stimulus that elicits really strong reactions, e.g. fear - often don't habituate] Sensitization - correct answer. [Sort of opposite of habituation] (some dogs) reaction to a repeated stimulus gets stronger instead of dispersing [NOTE: stimulus that elicits really strong reactions, e.g. fear - often don't habituate] Adaptation - correct answer. ..refers to the physical process of tiring. Learned Irrelevance - correct answer. ...an animal that ceases attending to a stimulus because it has no consequences - is displaying learned irrelevance. Also know as pre-exposure effect. Piloerector Reflex - correct answer. ... Aversion - correct answer. Any stimulus the removal of which is reinforcing; (adj) characterizing an event that is likely to be avoided (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Anecdotal Evidence - correct answer. First - or - second-hand reports of personal experience (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Behavior - correct answer. Anything a person or animal does that can be measured. In practice, the term usually refers to publicly observable overt behavior. However, behavior that is available only to the person performing int (such as thinking) may be included if it can reliably be measured. (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th ED. 448) Backward Chaining - correct answer. A chaining procedure in which training begins with the last link in the chain and adds preceding links in reverse order. (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Baseline Period - correct answer. In a within-subject experiment, a period of observation (often designated "A") during which no attempt is made to modify the behavior under study. (chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Behavior Chain - correct answer. A series of related behaviors, the last of which produces reinforcement (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) CER - correct answer. Conditional Emotional Response Blocking - correct answer. Failure of a stimulus to become a CS (conditioned stimulus) when it is part of a compound stimulus that includes an effective CS. The effective CS is said to block the formation of a new CS (cf. overshadowing.) (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Classical Conditioning - correct answer. Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) is a form of learning in which one stimulus, the conditioned stimulus or CS, comes to signal the occurrence of a second stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus or US. The US is usually a biologically significant stimulus such as food or pain that elicits a response from the start; this is called the unconditioned response or UR. The CS usually produces no particular response at first, but after conditioning it elicits the conditioned response or CR. Chaining - correct answer. In operant training, the procedure of establishing a behavior chain. (see behavior chain, forward chaining, backward chaining.) (chance, paul. Learning & behavior, 5th Ed. 453) Conditioned Emotional Response - correct answer. An emotional response to a stimulus that is acquired through Pavlovian conditioning 107. the procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus (typically referred to as the CS) with a US. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 449) Respondent Conditioning - correct answer. The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus (typically referred to as the CS) with a US. Also called Pavlovian or classical conditioning. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 453) Conditioned Response - correct answer. The response part of a conditional reflex; the response elicited by a conditional stimulus. Often called conditional response. Abbreviated CR. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 449) Conditioned Reinforcer - correct answer. Any reinforcer that has acquired its reinforcing properties through its association with other reinforcers. Also called conditioned reinforcer. (chance, paul. learning & behavior, 5th Ed. 454) Contiguity - correct answer. Nearness of events in time (temporal contiguity) or space (spatial contiguity). (chance, 449) Conditional Stimulus - correct answer. The stimulus part of a conditional reflex, the stimulus that elicits a conditional response. Often called conditioned stimulus. (chance, paul. 449) Continuous Reinforcement - correct answer. A reinforcement schedule in which behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. Abbreviated CRF (cf. intermittent schedule.) (chance, paul. 449) Contingency - correct answer. A dependency between events. An event may be stimulus-contingent (dependent on the appearance of a stimulus) or response-contingent (dependent on the appearance of a behavior). (chance, paul. 449) Control Group - correct answer. In a between-subjects experiment, those subjects not exposed to the independent variable. (chance, paul. 449) CRF - correct answer. Continuous reinforcement Critical Period - correct answer. A period in the development of an organism during which it is especially likely to learn a particular kind of behavior Counter conditioning - correct answer. The use of Pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of prior conditioning Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - correct answer. A form of differential reinforcement in which behavior that is different from an undesired behavior is systematically reinforced. (The procedure provides an alternative way of obtaining reinforcers.) Abbreviated DRA. Differential Reinforcement - correct answer. Any operant training procedure in which certain kinds of behavior are systematically reinforced and others are not. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior - correct answer. A form of differential reinforcement in which behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced. Abbreviated DRI Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior - correct answer. A form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the cmplete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of zero responding. Abbreviated DRO. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate of Behavior - correct answer. A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only if it occurs no more than a specified number of times in a given period. Abbreviated DRL. DRA - correct answer. Differential Reinforcement of an Alternate Behavior DRI - correct answer. Differential Reinforcement of an Incompatible Behavior DRO - correct answer. Differential Reinforcment of an Other Behavior Differential Reinforcement of High Rate of Behavior - correct answer. A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only if it occurs at least a specified number of times in a given period. Abbreviated DRH. DRL - correct answer. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate of Behavior Discrete Trials Procedure - correct answer. An operant training procedure in which performance of a behavior defines the end of a trial. DRH - correct answer. Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Behavior Discrimination Training - correct answer. Operant discrimination traianing normally consists of reinforcing a behavior when it occurs in the presence of a stimulus (the S+ or SD), but not when it occurs in the presence of another stimulus (the S- or SA). See error-less discrimination training, matching to sample, simultaneous discrimination training, successive discrimination training. Discrimination - correct answer. The tendency for a behavior to occur in the presence of certain stimuli, but not in their absence. Duration - correct answer. The length of time that passes from onset to offset of a behavior or a stimulus. Drive - correct answer. In Hull's theory of reinforcement, a motivational state (such as hunger) caused by a period of deprivation (as food). Experimental Group - correct answer. In between-subjects experiment, those subjects exposed to the independent variable. Establishing Operations (motivation Operations) - correct answer. An antecedent event or change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of th reinforcer and the rates of the responses that have produced that reinforcer previously. haven just eaten a large meal will diminish the effectiveness of edible reinforcers. Similarly, deprivation will increase the effectiveness of reinforcers. Extinction Burst - correct answer. A sudden increase in the rate of behavior during the early stages of extinction. Extinction - correct answer. 1)pavlovian conditioning, the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US. 2)In operant training, the procedure of withholding the reinforcers that maintain a behavior. Fade - correct answer. A procedure for transferring control of responding from one stimulus or set of stimuli to another by gradually removing one while the other is gradually introduced. Stimuli may be faded n or out. FAP - correct answer. Fixed Action Pattern Fixed Action Pattern (flexible Action Pattern) (Action Pattern) - correct answer. Any largely inherited series of interrelated acts, usually elicited by a particular stimulus (the releaser). Formerly called instinct. Fixed Interval Schedule - correct answer. A reinforcement schedule in which a behavior is reinforced the first time it occurs following a specified interval since the last reinforcement. Abbreviated FL.