CPDT Exam Learning Theory questions and answers 100% guaranteed success.

CPDT Exam Learning Theory questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. Clicker Training - correct answer. A system of teaching that uses positive reinforcement in combination with an event marker. Reinforcers (Or Rewards) - correct answer. Anything that occurring in conjunction with an act tends to increase the probability that the act will occur again. Reinforcers are relative not absolute. Marker - correct answer. Precise communication of which actions will earn reinforcers by the use of a consistent sound that "marks" actions or events that we like. Clicker Process - correct answer. Watch for Behavior, Mark the Behavior, Reinforce the Behavior. When To Click? - correct answer. As the behavior is occurring - not afterwards. Reinforcing - correct answer. Strengthening the behavior so that it is very likely to happen again. Treats - correct answer. Select four or five different treats Make treats small Soft treats are usually better The tougher the training - the better the food should be! Life Rewards - correct answer. Things or activities that your dog really enjoys doing (non-food related). Fetching, toys, affection, praise etc. Clicker - correct answer. An event marker to indicate the moment in time the desired behavior happens. Note: Studies have shown that the clicker is more effective and accurate than voice markers are. What Makes A Good Event Marker? - correct answer. Brief - Identifies one movement or part of movement, not a series of events. Distinct - easily noticed. Different - not confused with other stimuli. Neutral - has no meaning or association beyond the one that has been deliberately chosen. Easy to Deliver Clicker Trainers Are? - correct answer. Excellent observers of behavior Precise Generous with Reinforcement Consistent Benefits of Clicker Training - correct answer. Accelerates learning Strengthens human-animal bond Produces long-term recall Encourages creativity and initiative Forgives human mistakes Generates enthusiastic learners What is Training? - correct answer. Teaching animals learned behavior Reinforcement - correct answer. A. Event that occurs during or upon completion of a behavior. B. Increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. Applied Behavior Analysis - correct answer. The science of learning A-B-C - correct answer. The process of learning as defined by: Antecedant Behavior Consequence Example: Antecedant: Squirrel crosses in front of your dog. Behavior: Dog chases squirrel Consequence: Fun! Note: Consequence is the most powerful training tool and positive reinforcement is the most powerful type of consequence you have for training. Trainers can influence the operant conditioning process at what two junctures of the ABC? - correct answer. Antecedants (cue or trigger for behavior) and Consquence (what happens after the behavior). Behavior is an outcome of these two things. What are the three types of consequences? - correct answer. Ignore Reinforce Punish Quandrants of Operant Conditioning? (Pat Miller style) - correct answer. 1. Positive Reinforcement - dogs behavior makes a good thing occur; behavior increases. 2. Positive Punishment - dogs behavior makes a bad thing occur; behavior decreases. 3. Negative Reinforcement - dogs behavior makes a bad thing go away; behavior increases. 4. Negative Punishment - dogs behavior makes a good thing go away; behavior decreases. Operant Conditioning - correct answer. The reinforcement of conscious behavior deliberately offered by the learner. (Coined by BF Skinner) The learner is the operator deliberately performing a learned behavior to access reinforcers. Operant Conditioning Symbols - correct answer. Behavior Increase R+ (Positive Reinforcement) R- (Negative Reinforcement) Behavior Decrease P+ (Positive Punishment) P- (Negative Punishment) Quandrants of Operant Conditioning (Karen Pryor Style) - correct answer. Positive Reinforcement - the addition of a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a behavior. Negative Reinforcement - the removal of a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a behavior. Positive Punishment - the addition of a stimulus decreases the occurrence of a behavior. Negative Punishment - the removal of a stimulus decreases the occurrence of a behavior. What is training? - correct answer. The teaching of a learned behavior What is a cue? - correct answer. Cues are learned antecedents What are the two consequences in our training? - correct answer. Reinforce - behavior that you want Ignore or manage - behavior that you don't want. Jackpot - correct answer. A reward that is bigger than the normal reinforcer and one that comes as a surprise. What is the difference between Negative Reinforcement and Punishment? - correct answer. Punishment is an aversive stimulus that occurs after the behavior it was meant to modify - it can have no effect on the behavior. Conditioned Aversive - correct answer. A conditioned aversive is a stimulus that has been paired with a punisher. It tells the animal that something bad will happen unless it discontinues the behavior. NRM (No Reward Marker) - correct answer. Conditioned stimulus that tells the animal the behavior it just tried will not earn reinforcement. Keep-going Signals - correct answer. An additional cue or prompt to tell the animal that it's on the right track, and should continue performing the behavior it is currently performing. Primary Reinforcer - correct answer. Something that has innate value to the learner. Bridging Stimulus - correct answer. Something that acts like a time and information bridge between when the desired action occurs and the delivery of the primary reinforcer. Conditioned Reinforcer - correct answer. Something that takes on value because it is paired with a primary reinforcer. Event Marker - correct answer. Something that marks an event (or behavior) that you as the trainer want to reinforce. Classical Conditioning - correct answer. The process of associating a previously neutral stimulus with a repeated event until a response becomes automatic. (Ivan Pavlov) Reinforcement Basics - correct answer. 1. When we want to teach something; some type of reinforcement needs to occur during the desired behavior. 2. Accomplishing this timing is difficult so we use an event marker. 3. An event marker is the most powerful way to communicate to the learner that the positive reinforcer provided is a result of the behavior offered. 4. By using an event marker we communicate precisely what behavior is being reinforced and deliver a form of reinforcement, simultaneously. 5. Because an event marker has no intrinsic value to animals, we always follow the marker with something that does. This establishes and maintains the reinforcement value of an event marker. Operant Conditioning - correct answer. Intentional performance of a behavior in order to bring about a consequence. Classical Conditioning - correct answer. Reflexive or automatic behavior based on an association rather than intentional behavior. The Clicker Is: - correct answer. An event marker; it is also a conditioned reinforcer and a bridging stimulus. Its distinctive sound means the same thing every time - "that's right; a reward is on the way". It is an example of classical conditioning. Three parts to the clicker training process are: - correct answer. 1. Observe 2. Mark 3. Reinforce Schedule of Reinforcement - correct answer. The schedule of reinforcement matters. When teaching new behavior - reinforce every occurrence of the behavior in a training session. Downfalls of Punishment - correct answer. Does not produce predictable, clean, future behavior. It also slows down learning and can stop it altogether. Mechanical Skills - correct answer. The physical skill of marking the behavior with the clicker and reinforcing the behavior. Before beginning a training session decide the following: - correct answer. Which hand will be my clicker hand? Where will I position my clicker hand? Observing Behavior consists of: - correct answer. Deciding which behavior you are going to mark Observe closely, looking for signs that the animal is about to perform the behavior Principles of Reinforcement - correct answer. Good timing of reinforcement is essential Reinforcers must have value to the learner to be reinforcing Reinforcement variety improves the learning process The more difficult the task the higher the value the reinforcer should be The schedule of reinforcement influences learning Two Characteristics of Good Reinforcement Timing - correct answer. The reinforcer is delivered as a distinctly separate physical motion from the event marker or click The reinforcer is delivered within a second after the click The impact of the click is likely to be diluted if? - correct answer. We lump the click and the reward delivery into one action