WGU D001 Behavioral Support Strategies for K-12 Learners with Mild to Moderate Exceptionalities

AB design - Answer-A single subject research design that contains one baseline (A) and one treatment (B). ABAB design (reversal design) - Answer-An extension of the AB design in which the independent variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. This reversal design can demonstrate a functional relation between dependent and independent variables. abscissa - Answer-The horizontal or x axis of a graph. The time dimension (sessions) is represented along the abscissa. accountability - Answer-In education, the assessment of students' progress on a regular basis and the publication of this assessment, as well as goals, objectives, and procedures, to parents, school administrators, and other parties with a right to the information. acquisition - Answer-The basic level of student response competence. It implies the student's ability to perform a newly learned response to some criterion of accuracy. alternating treatments design - Answer-A single-subject experimental design that allows comparison of the effectiveness of two or more treatments. It differs from other single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than presented sequentially (also known as multiple schedule design, multi-element baseline design, alternating conditions design). antecedent stimulus - Answer-A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may not serve as discriminative for a specific behavior. applied behavior analysis - Answer-Systematic application of behavioral principles to change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree. Research tools enable users of these principles to verify a functional relation between a behavior and an intervention. aversive stimulus - Answer-A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior when presented as a consequence; as such, it is a type of punisher. Alternatively, an aversive stimulus mayincrease the rate or probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as such, it is a negative reinforcer. backup reinforcer - Answer-An object or event received in exchange for a specific number of tokens, points, etc. bar graph - Answer-A graph that employs vertical bars rather than horizontal lines to indicate levels of performance (also called a histogram). baseline data - Answer-Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior. Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior before intervention. Baseline data serve a purpose similar to that of a pretest, to provide a level of behavior against which the results of an intervention procedure can be compared behavior - Answer-Any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called a response). behavioral objective - Answer-A statement that communicates a proposed change in behavior. A behavioral objective must include statements concerning the learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the behavior will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation. chaining - Answer-An instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses in sequence, forming a complex behavior. changing conditions design - Answer-A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the conditions for response performance in order to evaluate comparative effects. This design does not demonstrate a functional relation between variables. Also called ABC design changing criterion design - Answer-A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the criterion for reinforcement. The criterion is systematically increased or decreased in a stepwise manner. concept - Answer-A set of characteristics shared by all members of a set and only the members of that set. conditioned aversive stimulus - Answer-A stimulus that has acquired secondary aversive qualities through pairing with an unconditioned aversive stimulus, such as pain or tioned reinforcer - Answer-A stimulus that has acquired a reinforcing function through pairing with an unconditioned or natural reinforcer; includes most social, activity, and generalized reinforcers conditions - Answer-Naturally existing or teacher-created circumstances under which a behavior is to be performed. consequence - Answer-Any stimulus presented contingent on a particular response. contingent observation - Answer-A procedure that requires a student to watch other students without participating.