UNH Nutrition 400 Final Exam (Answered)

UNH Nutrition 400 Final Exam (Answered) 8 enzymes of vitamin B Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, B6 Niacin can be synthesized from? tryptophan Major functions of Folate Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of neurotransmitters Synthetic form of folate? folic acid Folate deficiencies can cause? macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects major functions of vitamin B12 formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism, maintains myelin sheaths deficiency of vitamin B12 lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia vitamin C water soluble vitamin ascorbic acid important antioxidant deficiency of vitamin C smokers at risk could cause scurvy toxicity GI disturbances what can Vitamin C protect against cancer, heart disease, common cold symptoms of beriberi edema, extreme fatigue innate immunity nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever acquired immunity adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies oxidizing agents cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate cascade of disturbance antioxidants able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet vitamin E fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body most active form of vitamin E? alpha tocopherol where is vitamin E stored? adipose tissue Vitamin E deficiency rare, can cause hemolytic anemia vitamin E toxicity can cause hemorrhagic stroke Vitamin A fat soluble vitamin provitamin sources of Vitamin A carotenoids still needs to be activated no risk of toxicity preformed vitamin A is? retinoids active and ready to go risk of toxicity what does vitamin A do for eye health? maintains clear cornea transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina vitamin A deficiency progressive vision impairment xerosis dryness of cornea keratinization buildup of protein in eye hyperkeratosis skin becomes rough and scaly whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity? supplement takers teratogenic risk can cause a birth defect what are carotenoids? fat soluble plant pigments carotenosis skin turns orange major functions of vitamin D regulate blood calcium levels, bone calcification, hormone can vitamin D be synthesized in the body? yes vitamin d and skin need more sun exposure the darker skin you have vitamin D deficiency rickets, osteomalacia (adult rickets), osteoporosis two forms of vitamin K plant and bacteria what is vitamin K important for? bone and blood clotting major functions of vitamin K bone metabolism and blood clotting