AAET Flashcards Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2023

AAET Flashcards Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2023 What describes an atom in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge - Ion What is the negatively charged particle in an atom? - Electron What has neutral particles, along with protons, and is found in the nucleus of an atom? - Neutrons Which particles of an atom are positively charged? - Protons What makes up the elements found in all matter? - Atoms What is the voltage inside the nerve cell membrane in a resting membrane potential? - - 90 to -70mV What is the major ion outside a cell membrane? - Sodium What is the major ion inside a cell membrane? - Potassium What is the physiological term when depolarization occurs it causes a muscle and/or nerve fiber to either respond to a stimulus completely if it reaches threshold or no response if the depolarization is insufficient to reach threshold? - All or non response What describes changing from a resting potential or polarized state to an excited state? - Depolarization What causes the inside of the cell to be more positively charged relative to its resting state? - Depolarization What describes when nerve cells are changed from an excited state back to a resting electrical potential or polarized state? - Repolarization What causes the inside of the cell to be more negatively charged relative to its restingstate? - Hyperpolarization During the repolarization phase, sodium channels become inactivated and cannot be opened no matter how much depolarization occurs and no action potential can be generated no matter how strong the stimulus. What is this? - Absolute refractory periodIn the later stages of repolarization, a brief increase in the permeability to potassium occurs and this results in hyperpolarizing the membrane and returning it slowly to its resting value during which time an increasing number of sodium channels can be opened. If you give a strong stimulus, it might be possible for another action potential to occur. This time is known as the - relative refractory period Propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one Node of Ranvier to the next Node of Ranvier is called? - Saltatory conduction What is the name of the cells that are surrounding the axon to form the myelin sheath? - Schwann Cells What describes the periodic gaps in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon through which ion channels allow the flow of ions across the nerve membrane? - Nodes of Ranvier The length between two nodes of Ranvier is called? - Internodal length Forcing sodium out of the cell and potassium in is the function of what? - Sodiumpotassium pump What can increase or decrease the conduction velocity of a nerve? - Diameter of the axon and degree of myelination What type of fibers mediate pain, temperature, and autonomic function? - Unmyelinated fibers Nerve fiber bundles' having a common destination describes? - Fascicles Each individual fascicle is surrounded by connective tissue called? - Perineurium What is the connective tissue between individual axons called? - Endoneurium What is the name of the outer supportive layer of connective tissue which surrounds the whole nerve and binds fascicles to each other? - Epineurium What types of nerve fibers are myelinated? - Type-A fibers are myelinated fibers of somatic nerve that can innervate muscle or skin Type B fibers are myelinated preganglionic fibers Which type of nerve fiber is not fast and why? - Type C, unmyelinated Which nerve fiber is fast but not as fast as nerve fiber type A? - Type B - these fibers are myelinated but not as heavily as type AWhat is the communication link between the central and peripheral nervous system? - Axons What factors are important for fast conduction velocity? - Increased diameter and myelination of nerve fibers Where is the dorsal root ganglion located? - Outside of the spinal cord Where are the motor neurons located? - Gray matter of anterior horn in the spinal cord What is composed of sarcomeres and is responsible for muscle contracts? - Myofibrils A structural subunit and that contains actin and myosin filaments? - Sarcomere Which band contains only actin filaments? - I band Which band contains only myosin filaments? - H band Which band contains both actin and myosin filaments? - A band Where are the Z bands located? - At the end of each sarcomere What muscle fiber is called slow twitch muscle fiber? - Type I slow twitch, or "red" muscle, is dense with capillaries and is rich in mitochondria and myoglobin, giving the muscle tissue its characteristic red color. Slow twitch fibers contract for long periods of time but with little force What muscle fiber is called fast-twitch muscle fiber? - Type II a and Type II b Fast twitch fibers contract quickly and powerfully but fatigue very rapidly, sustaining only short, anaerobic bursts of activity before muscle contraction becomes painful. They contribute most to muscle strength and have greater potential for increase in mass. Type II b muscle fiber is white in color. What filament is contained in the center of sarcomere? - Thick myosin Which filament is extending from either side of the Z line? - Thin actin What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that aids in muscle contraction? - Calcium What is the primary function of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? - To store calcium ions (Ca^2+) Which two nerves originate directly from the cervical spinal nerve roots? - Dorsal Scapular and Long Thoracic NervesMotor and sensory roots at each spinal level unite distal to the dorsal root ganglia to become? - Mixed spinal nerve What nerve roots contribute to the organization of the brachial plexus?? - C5-T1 What are the five components of the brachial plexus? - Five roots C5-T1 3 trunks - upper, middle, and lower 2 division of each trunk 3 cords Terminal nerves What nerve roots make up the upper trunk? - Anterior rami of C5-C6 roots What nerve root supplies the middle trunk? - C7 Which nerve roots make up the lower trunk? - C8-T1 What muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve? - Serratus Anterior Which nerve is purely sensory and receives fibers from C8-T1 roots? - Medial Antebrachial Nerve Where is the location for Erb's point? - Triangle between the clavicle and the Sternocleidomastoid muscle Lumbar Plexus is formed by what nerve roots? - L1-L4 The lumbosacral plexus is formed by which nerve roots? - L1-S4 The relationship between voltage, current and resistance in the equation E= Ix R is known as? - Ohms Law What is name of the law used to calculate the flow of electricity, E (Voltage) = I (current)xR(resistance)? - Ohms Law What is an interconnection of components such that currents flow in one or more closed loops? - Circuit What is a sample of a simple circuit? - I=I1+I2+I3 What is an electrical device that provides specific resistances used to control current and voltage in electrical circuits? - Resistors What reduces total resistance and is the sum of individual currents going through each resistor? - Resistors in ParallelThe current flows in one path and is the same flowing through each resistor and can be directly added together to calculate a net resistance. This best describes? - Resistors in series The process of generating a binary number proportional to the value of the analog input voltage. This best describes? - Analog to Digital conversion There are lines or dots on the screen that represent divisions and correspond with the current sensitivity and sweep speed (timebase). The vertical divisions (top to bottom) represent - amplitude and we refer to this as? - Vertical resolution There are lines or dots on the screen that represent divisions and correspond with the current sensitivity and sweep speed (timebase). The horizontal divisions (left to right) represent - latency or time - we refer to this as? - Horizontal resolution The computer rewrites the analog line into a series of dots from which the line is recreated. This is called analog to digital conversion and these dots are called? - Data points In NCS, what describes the summation of the traces by the total number of traces collected in an effort to eliminate background noise? - Averaging What describes the effect of passing some bands of frequencies while attenuating others? - Filtering Effects Varied fast and slow fibers cancel one another as one phase of the slow fibers reach the recording electrode, as the trailing phase of the fastest fibers pass the same recording electrode causing an apparent loss of amplitude. - Phase cancellation The hardware component used to increase the size of the small physiologic signal: - amplifier What describes the parameters of 2-10 hz (motor) and 20-30 Hz (sensory) and eliminates or attenuates (reduces) unwanted slow frequencies? - Low frequency filters What describes the parameters of 5-20 kHz (motor) and 2-3 kHz (sensory) and eliminates or attenuates (reduces) unwanted fast frequencies? - High frequency filters What describes the horizontal measurement of time displayed on the screen? - Sweep speed/time base What describes the vertical measurement of amplitude of the waveform on the screen? - Sensitivity/Gain Where should the vertical cursors be placed when measuring a sensory nerve action potential? - Onset and Peak of waveformWhat type of stimulator delivers an adjustable current through the stimulating electrodes independent of their impedance? - Constant current What describes the amount of electrical energy applied to produce a measureable response measured in volts or milliamps? - Intensity What describes the length of time a stimulus is applied; measured in milliseconds and limited to a maximum of 1 msec? - Duration The negative terminal of the stimulating electrode. - Cathode The positive terminal of the stimulating electrode - Anode What describes the process when hyperpolarization occurs under the anode preventing the depolarization that occurs under the cathode from passing, thus causing a reduction in resting potential? - anodal block What describes the process when stimulation spreads to nearby nerves resulting in erroneous results? - Volume conduction What describes an unwanted electrical signal that obscures the desired response recorded at the time the stimulus is applied? - Stimulus artifact What describes when an increase in stimulus no longer increases the size of the response? ? - Supramaximal stimulation A nerve root lesion proximal to the dorsal root ganglia, best describes? - Preganglionic A nerve root lesion distal to the dorsal root ganglia best describes? - Postganglionic Which nerve root lesions have NCS findings that indicate absent motor responses and preserved sensory responses? - Pre ganglionic Which nerve root lesions have NCS findings that indicate absent motor responses and absent sensory responses? - Post ganglionic What are the effects of a preganglionic lesion? - Most often, the lesion represents root avulsion from the spinal cord. The muscles supplied by the nerve root will atrophy. Surgical repair is impossible. Preganglionic injuries have limited spontaneous recovery. What describes the length of time a stimulus is applied; measured in milliseconds and limited to a maximum of 1 msec? - Duration The NCS term for lesions in a specific and definable location; usually found with short distance nerve conduction studies and are usually demyelinating lesions - FocalThe NCS term when there is an amplitude and area difference in a response that is seen between the distal and proximal stimulation sites of a nerve. It is seen most often in demyelinating disorders when all technical factors have been eliminated. - Conduction block The term for peripheral neuropathy that essentially involves all nerves in a lengthdependent fashion, to a relatively equal extent. - diffuse process The term for peripheral neuropathy that involves one or multiple nerves in an asymmetric or patchy distribution - multifocal disorder what is the term for a disease or disorder affecting the myelin surrounding a peripheral nerve? The nerve conduction study will show conduction velocity slowing and/or conduction block - Demyelination What is the term for a loss of nerve fibers due to disease or injury? - Axonal loss What is a measurement of the time needed for the stimulus to travel from stimulation point to recording point(recording point may be the initial takeoff, the first positive peak or the negative peak)? - Latency The measurement of the vertical size of the waveform - Amplitude A measurement of time in meters per second between two points. It is calculated from the fastest fibers as the difference in distance divided by difference in time - Conduction velocity What is the term used to represent the duration and amplitude of a motor response? It is measured in mV and ms (for MNC, its most useful place) and helps differentiate between a conduction block and simple dispersion - Area The measurement from the first deviation to the baseline to the next crossing of that same baseline - duration The interval from the onset of a polarity change of a potential to its peak - rise time the values routinely used as references when performing nerve conduction studies. A lab either establishes its own values or used another reputable lab's values - normal values Over longer conduction distances, what is the term for a long duration of the negative peak of a CMAP and SNAP? - Temporal dispersion A decrease in amplitude across a proximal nerve segment compared to the distal amplitude? - Amplitude dropWhat are the three most important technical issues encountered when performing infant or children nerve conduction studies? - Measurement, electrode size, and stimulation intensity What happens to the CMAP amplitude in pediatric nerve conduction studies? - It increases in direct proportion to age The process of myelination is age dependent, beginning in utero. What is the approximate value of nerve conduction velocities in full-term infants? ? - Approximately half that of adult normal values: Accordingly nerve conduction velocities of 25 to 30 m/s are normal at birth Conduction velocity rapidly increases after birth, reaching approximately 75% of adult normal values by age 1 year, and the adult range by - 3 to 5 years At what age do sensory NCV reach mean adult values? - 5 years of age It is not uncommon to see bifid morphology on sensory nerve action potentials in infants and children between the ages 3 months and 4-6 years. Explain why - Bifid morphology occurs due to some fibers having already been fully myelinated whereas others have not and trail behind. This is not unusual to see bifid SNAPS between the age of 3 months and 4-6 years. They are completely normal and as fibers of the second peak myelinate the second peak moves to the left and merges with the first peak, forming a larger sensory response, as typically seen in adults. Axonal degeneration that progresses from the place of injury along the axon (i.e. distal to a lesion) - Wallerian Degeneration Nerve injury defined as, failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural changes (primarily demyelinating as seen with slowing of the nerve conduction studies without axonal damage, meaning good prognosis) - Neurapraxia Nerve injury defined as, nerve conduction slowing without complete block (axons and myelin disrupted, but supporting connective tissue is intact, allowing reinnervation of the axons) - Axonotmesis Nerve injury defined as, partial or complete severance of a nerve, with disruption of the axon, its myelin sheath and connective tissue (mixed axonal and demyelinating when both conduction time and amplitude are affected) - Neurotmesis A recording from any motor nerve, activated by antidromic stimulation that travels centrally to the spinal cord through interneurons and anterior horn cells, then orthodromically from the spinal cord to the muscle - F wave (origin)Does the F wave response travel centrally in the motor or sensory fibers?>> - Motor fibers When performing an F wave should you use submaximal stimulation or supramaximal stimulation? - Supramaximal stimulation In the upper extremity, when the median or ulnar nerves are stimulated at the wrist, the F response usually occurs at a latency of - 25-32 m Which has a longer latency, the F wave or the M wave - F wave What percentage of muscle fibers are represented by an F wave - 1-5% In order to avoid habituation of the F response, one should stimulate at a rate no faster than once ever - 2 seconds A submaximal stimulus that arises from large Ia afferents of the muscle activates a monosynaptic reflex arc. These afferent impulses travel up the sensory fibers and enter the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. After entering the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the Ia afferents synapse with the alpha motor neurons that activate that muscle and a CMAP is produced completing the reflex arc. This describes: - H reflex (circuity) When performing an H reflex, should you use a submaximal or supramaximal stimulus? - Submaximal stimulus Where is the proper stimulation point and orientation for the Tibial H reflex? - Popliteal fossa with the cathode proximal When comparing H reflex from side to side latency differences, a difference of more than - 1.5 msec is considered clinically significant. When performing an H-reflex, does the M wave or the H wave have the shorter latency? - M wave When performing an H reflex, one should stimulate at a rate no faster than - .5 Hz to avoid habituation When an A wave (axon reflex) is seen during an F wave test, does it typically have a short or longer latency than the F wave? - Shorter latency What can be done to try and eliminate the A waves? - Increase the stimulation to make sure it is at supramaximal stimulation. The afferent limb of the blink reflex is mediated by the sensory fibers of which cranial nerve? - CN VThe efferent limb of the blink reflex is mediated by the motor fibers of which cranial nerve? - Cranial VII The muscle(s) used to record the blink reflex. - Bilateral Orbicularis Oculi muscles Where is the reference electrode placed for the blink reflex? - Just lateral to the lateral canthus bilaterally When evaluating side to side comparisons of blink reflex studies, the difference between the R1 latencies should be - less than 1.2ms Should the R1 response in a blink reflex study be present ipsilaterally or bilaterally? - Ipsilaterally Should the R2 response in a blink reflex be present ipsilaterally or bilaterally when recording Orbicularis Oculi bilaterally? - Bilaterally Describe the pathway that is thought to represent the R1 response? - The R1 response is thought to represent the disynaptic reflex pathway between the main sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V in the mid pons and the ipsilateral facial nucleus in the lower pontine tegmentum Describe the pathway of the R2 responses in a blink reflex study - The R2 responses are mediated by a multisynaptic pathway between the nucleus of the spinal tract of cranial nerve V in the ipsilateral pons and medulla and interneurons forming connections to the ipsilateral and contralateral facial nuclei Does Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome affect the presynaptic or postsynaptic membranes? - Presynaptic Botulism blocks the presynaptic release of what neurotransmitter - Acetycholine (ACTH) Describe the technique for electrode stabilation for a repetitive stimulation study of the ulnar nerve - The fingers need to be strapped together to limit movement; the stimulator needs to be taped in position; the hand and forearm need to be strapped to an arm board to limit movement artifact Baseline and immediate postexercise or posttetanic 2 to 5 hz nerve stimulation followed by stimulation at refular intervals of 30s to 1 min, and continuing to 5 min. This describes? - Stimulation parameters for repetitive nerve stimulation In myasthenia gravis, is the problem with the presynaptic or postsynaptic membrane? - Post synaptic A response occasionally seen in repetitive nerve stimulation in which an increase of amplitude following identical stimulations. This describes - Post activation facilitationA response seen in repetitive nerve stimulation in which, after exercise, a transient potentiation is followed by decreased excitability of the neuromuscular junction in 2 to 4 minutes after exercise - Post activation exhaustion (posttetanic exhaustion) A normal phenomenon caused by more synchronous firing of muscle fiber action potentials immediately following brief intense exercise - Pseudofacilitation In a repetitive nerve stimulation study, how much increment is considered abnormal? - Increments of more than 100% are often encountered in presynaptic neuromuscular junction disorders. Increments between 40 and 100% are best considered equivocal. (What is meant by a percentage increment often is confusing; a 200% increment means that the potential increases by an extra 200% above baseline. After performing the initial repetitive nerve study a decrement of greater than 10% is noted. How should you proceed with your repetitive nerve study? - Have the pt perform maximal voluntary exercise for 10 seconds. Then immediately repeat 3 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation postexercise to demonstrate postexercise facilitation and repair of the decrement The nerve which arises from C5-T1 roots and transverses all trunks and the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus - Median nerve When recording the median motor nerve conduction study the active recording electrode should be placed over the belly of which muscle? - Abductor pollicis brevis Which nerve supplies sensation to the thumb, index, middle and lateral side of the ring fingers? - Median sensory nerve Recording electrodes are placed on the midportion of the proximal phalanx and reference on the midportion of the middle phalanx of the index finger for which nerve conduction study? - Median sensory nerve Which nerve is a branch of the median nerve which originates several centimeters distal to the elbow and innervates several muscles in the forearm including the pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus and the radial half of the flexor digitorum profundus? - anterior interosseous nerve Which nerve is being stimulated when recording electrodes are placed 2 cm proximal to the distal wrist crease between the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus tendons and stimulation applied 8 cm distal to the active recording electrode between the second and third digit? - Palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve When recording the ulnar motor nerve conduction study the active recording electrode is placed on the belly of which muscle? - abductor digiti minimiWhich nerve supplies sensation to the medial wrist to the fifth digit and the medial aspect of the fourth digit? - ulnar sensory nerve Which nerve branches from the ulnar in the distal forearm receiving sensation from the dorsum of the hand, (half of the 4th digit and 5th digit) - Dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve What is a pure sensory nerve supplying sensation to the medial forearm, it rises from the C8-T1 nerve roots and lower trunk and comes directly off the medial cord of the brachial plexus? - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve Which nerve is a continuation of the posterior cord and has fibers from all roots (C5-T1) supplying the brachial plexus? - Radial nerve When recording the radial motor nerve conduction study the active is placed over the belly of the - extensor digitorum communis muscle and the reference is placed over the ulnar styloid What nerve is a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve that innervates the extensor digitorum communis and extensor indicis proprius muscles? - Posterior interosseous nerve Which nerve splits off near the elbow and supplies sensation to the lateral portion of the dorsum of the hand? - Superficial radial nerve What nerve arises from the C5-6-(7) nerve roots, upper trunk and lateral cord of the brachial plexus and supplies the bicep muscle which is the common recording location during MNC studies? - Musculocutaneous nerve Which nerve supplies sensation to the lateral portion of the forearm from the C5 and C6 nerve roots, upper trunk, and lateral cord? - Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve What is the sensory portion of musculocutaneous nerve? - Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve For which nerve conduction study is the active recording electrode placed anterior and superior to the medial malleolus along the tibialis anterior tendon and the reference electrode is placed 3-4 cm distal along the course of the nerve - saphenous nerve which nerve is a purse sensory branch of the femoral nerve? - Saphenous nerve This nerve innervates the rectus femoris muscle? - femoral nerve Which nerve is formed by L2-L4 nerve roots? - Femoral nerve What nerve is pure sensory and receives sensation from the lateral thigh? - Lateral femoral cutaneous nerveThe largest nerve in the body and innervates the deep muscles of the posterior thigh, including the adductor magnus, semimembranous, semitendinosus and the short and long heads of the biceps femoris - sciatic nerve what nerve bifurcates (splits) into the deep and superficial peroneal nerves - Common peroneal COmpression of this nerve results in dorsiflexion weakness (foot drop) - Deep peroneal nerve recording electrodes are placed over the extensor digitorum brevis and reference at the base of the 5th metatarsal of which nerve? - deep peroneal nerve The active electrode is placed between the tibialis anterior tendon and lateral malleolus and the reference is 3-4 cm distal, for the recoding of which nerve? - Superficial peroneal nerve What nerve is the largest branch of the sciatic nerve formed from L4-S3 nerve roots, with Abductor Digit Quinti Pedis and Abductor Hallusic as common muscles to record from when doing motor nerve conduction studies? - Tibial nerve Which nerve innervates the Abductor Hallucis Brevis muscle, supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the 4th toes? - Medial plantar nerve What nerve innervates the abductor digit quinti pedis, supplies sensation to the lateral sole of the foot, and lateral 4th and 5th toes? - Lateral plantar nerve What is a pure sensory nerve and supplies sensation to the posterolateral leg and lateral aspect of the foot? - Sural nerve The laryngeal muscles receive innervation from what nerves? - Glossopharyngeal, Vagal, and cranial root of the Accessory Nerve What nerve supplies the tongue? - Hypoglossal What nerve control movement of the eyes? - Oculomotor, Trochlear, and abducens nerves What nerve supplies superficial sensation to the face and the buccal and nasal mucosa? - Trigeminal nerve what nerve innervates muscles for facial expression? - Facial nerve what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? - trigeminal nerveThe sternocleidomastoid and upper portion of the trapezius muscles are innervated by what nerve? - Spinal root of the accessory nerve What nerve supplies the diaphragm? - Phrenic nerve What nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles? - Suprascapular nerve When a patient has scapular winging, what nerve should be tested? - Suprascapular nerve What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle? - Long thoracic nerve What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle? - axillary nerve Clinical sx usually consist of distal upper limb weakness and atrophy, with proximal muscles showing hypertrophy. Reflexes are usually normal or increased. Motor fibers most involved, while sensory fibers stay normal through the sites of conduction block. Conduction block suggests chronic demyelination. The conduction blocks usually do not involve the common sites of compression, but sites such as the median nerve in the forearm. This describes? - Multifocal Motor Neuropathy What disease usually begins in the 5th to 7th decades, distal weakness is a common symptom and is a result of an anterior horn cell disorder that causes muscle wasting and denervation of muscle fibers? - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis The clinical features are flu like sx developing to a paralytic illness affecting one or more limbs. Muscle atrophy, but a normal sensory exam. NCS tend to show normal velocities with reduced CMAPS relative to the muscle atrophy. This describes? - Poliomyelitis What disorder is characterized by degeneration of anterior horn cells and is a neurologic disorder of childhood? - Spinal Muscular Atrophy Sensory neuronopathy is an ex. of what kind of disorder? - Disorder involving the dorsal root ganglion What lies outside the spinal cord along the dorsal spinal root and contains sensory cell bodies? - Dorsal Root Ganglion that affects the nerve at the spinal root? - Radiculopathy What is a disease or disorder that affects the nerve at the spinal root and affects more than one level? - Polyradiculopathy This occurs when the nerve is torn from the attachment at the spinal cord? - Root AvulsionWhat can result from an avulsion of C5-C6 nerve roots and occurs from a downward traction on the plexus? - Erb's Palsy What disorder can be a result of an extra first rib (C rib) or an old fracture of the clavicle that reduces the space for the vessels and nerves? Pt may have sx of pain and paresthesias in the neck, shoulder , forearm and hand and may have weakness in the hand. - Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Also called neuralgic amyotrophy or brachial plexitis. The first sx is usually pain, often severe with muscle atrophy to follow. When the pain subsides, weakness becomes apparent. Isolated nerves may be affected or all of the plexus may be involved. Most cases are unilateral. This describes? - Parsonage Turner Syndrome What is a condition where the median nerve is compressed at the wrist as it travels under the transverse carpal ligament? - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Between the epicondyle and olecranon, a place where the ulnar nerve can become compressed. This describes? - Condylar Groove Chronic compression of the ulnar nerve in the channel between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnar 1-4 cm distal to the medial epicondyle of the elbow. This describes? - Cubital tunnel syndrome The area where the ulnar nerve enters the wrist between the hook of the hamate and pisiform bones, the approximate location that the main ulnar trunk splits into the superficial and deep branches. This describes? - Guyon's canal Prior trauma or osteoarthritis that gradually causes dmg to the ulnar nerve at the epicondylar groove is sometimes called? - Tardy Ulnar palsy Radial nerve compression at the spiral groove from prolonged immobility. This describes? - Saturday night palsy What disorder has findings that include an asymmetric sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy involving damage to multiple nerves in separate areas of the body along with multiple mononeuropathies? - Mononeuritis Multiplex The condition in which the tibial nerve is compressed as it travels under the flexor retinaculum. Associated symptoms are pain and paresthesia of the sole. - Tarsal tunnel syndrome What nerve is affected if there is a foot drop, and slowing across the knee? - Peroneal nerve at the fibular headCharacteristic findings of wasting and weakness of distal limb muscles also usually associated with distal sensory loss, moderate foot deformities, and decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes describes the hereditary disorder called? - Charcot Marie Tooth Markedly prolonged distal latencies, markedly slowed conduction velocities, and markedly prolonged or absent late responses are characteristics of - Diffusely demyelinating polyneuropathy Motor and sensory amplitudes decrease, with normal or slightly slowed distal latencies, late responses and conduction velocities, are characteristics of - Axonal polyneuropathy A demyelinating polyneuropathy that is an autoimmune disorder, 20% of pts have respiratory symptoms and prolonged F waves in NCS; generally an acute process. This describes? - AIDP - Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy The acronym CIDP stands for? - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy What type of neuropathy develops after the administration of various drugs or exposure to chemical substances, such as arsenic? - Toxic Neuropathy What type of neuropathy can occur from a nutritional disturbance or vitamin B 12 deficiency, such that is seen in pernicious anemia? - Metabolic neuropathy What is an inherited genetic muscle disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and muscle fiber degeneration? - Muscular dystrophy What is a disease of muscles that classically has a proximal more than distal pattern of weakness? - Myopathy The sx of progressive proximal muscle weakness and increased Creatine Kinase, are primary sx of - polymyositis An anastomosis of motor fibers between the median and ulnar nerve at the level of the palm - Riche Cannieu Anastomosis