PCN-107 Midterm exam 2024| Questions and
Answers
3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ✔✔Conscious: thoughts you are currently aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
3 parts of Freud's structural model - ✔✔The Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of the
personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger,
sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside world.
Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old. Absorbs
the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
Defense Mechanisms - ✔✔unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by
concealing its source from themselves and others
Types of defense mechanisms - ✔✔1. Repression: pushing the undesirable unconscious
material out of the conscious thought
2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be socially
rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in the
self
, 4 stages of psychosexual development - ✔✔oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
Oral stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of
loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from deprivation
of oral gratification in infancy
Anal stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial
of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental discipline patterns
and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality development
Phallic stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings,
and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how parents
respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on sexual
attitudes and feelings that child develops
Latency stage - ✔✔sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports, and
a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and forms
relationships with others.
Transference - ✔✔the client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and
fantasies, both positive and negative, that are reactions to significant others in the client's past
Countertransference - ✔✔viewed as a phenomenon that occurs when there is inappropriate
affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity in a
relationship because their own conflicts are triggered
Free Association - ✔✔clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of
how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, or irrelevant it may seem
Resistance - ✔✔anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client
from producing previously unconscious material, or the client's reluctance to bring to the surface
of awareness unconscious material that has been repressed
Answers
3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ✔✔Conscious: thoughts you are currently aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
3 parts of Freud's structural model - ✔✔The Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of the
personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger,
sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside world.
Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old. Absorbs
the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
Defense Mechanisms - ✔✔unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by
concealing its source from themselves and others
Types of defense mechanisms - ✔✔1. Repression: pushing the undesirable unconscious
material out of the conscious thought
2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be socially
rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in the
self
, 4 stages of psychosexual development - ✔✔oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
Oral stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of
loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from deprivation
of oral gratification in infancy
Anal stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial
of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental discipline patterns
and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality development
Phallic stage - ✔✔deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings,
and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how parents
respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on sexual
attitudes and feelings that child develops
Latency stage - ✔✔sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports, and
a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and forms
relationships with others.
Transference - ✔✔the client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and
fantasies, both positive and negative, that are reactions to significant others in the client's past
Countertransference - ✔✔viewed as a phenomenon that occurs when there is inappropriate
affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity in a
relationship because their own conflicts are triggered
Free Association - ✔✔clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of
how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, or irrelevant it may seem
Resistance - ✔✔anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client
from producing previously unconscious material, or the client's reluctance to bring to the surface
of awareness unconscious material that has been repressed
