Review for Chapter 18 Abeka Biology Rated A+

Review for Chapter 18 Abeka Biology Rated A+ poikilotherm animals whose body temperature fluctuates during the day ovoviviparous to bring forth alive from eggs lateral undulation A type of snake movement in which it bends into a series of curves as it keeps its body flat on the ground rectilinear movement A type of snake movement in which it alternately stretches and shortens segments of its body in order to creep forward in a straight line concertina movement a type of snake movement in which it moves the front part of its body forward, coils it slightly to anchor it, and pulls the back part forward sidewinding movement A type of snake movement in which the snake supports its body with its head, tail, and two or three other points of contact, then it lifts the remainder of its body off the ground and moves it sideways. quadrate bone a snake bone loosely attached to the skull and the jaw that enables the snake to open its mouth wide Jacobson's organ two tiny cavities on the roof of the snakes mouth which contain nerve ending that are very sensitive to odor herpetologist a zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians fangs hollow or grooved venom-injecting teeth neurotoxin nerve poison hemotoxin blood poisson antitoxin antibodies that attack the toxin molecules and neutralize their effects carapace the upper shell of a turtle plastron the lower shell of the turtle estivation the state of summer dormancy or limited activity parietal eye a third eye used not for sight but to sense radiation chromatophore pigment cells that change the color of an organism, allowing it to camouflage amplexus The embrace of frogs and toads, during which the male fertilizes the eggs that are released by the female. vomerine teeth two teeth extended from the roof of the frogs mouth used to prevent prey from escaping while the frog swallows mesentery a special membrane that holds the pancreas in place between the stomach and small intestine spermatophore sperm deposited in a gelatinous structure on a leaf or stick paedomorphosis species that never metamorphose but remain in the water as larvae for their whole life lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodilians 4 groups of living reptiles mentioned in the text 1. have two pairs of appendages with claws on the toes 2. breath with lungs 3. oviparous 4. vertebrates 5. coldblooded 5 characteristics common to most reptiles crocodilians the only group of reptiles with a four-chambered heart komodo dragon the largest lizard Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard 2 species of venomous lizards cottonmouth, rattlesnake and copperheads 3 pit vipers found in North America pythons, anacondas and boas the 3 largest snakes king cobra the largest venomous snake giant tortoise the longest-lived animal crocodiles, alligators, and gavials 3 groups of crocodilians mentioned in the text 1.T-rex 2. Leviathan