Weber Health Assessment Ch. 24: Musculoskeletal System CORRECT SOLUTIONS 2023/2024

Weber Health Assessment Ch. 24: Musculoskeletal System CORRECT SOLUTIONS 2023/2024 Bones - ANSWER - provide structure and protection, - serve as levers, - store calcium, - produce blood cells - 206 bones axial skeleton - ANSWER head and trunk appendicular skeleton - ANSWER extremities, shoulders, hips compact bone - ANSWER - hard dense - makes up the shaft and other layers of a bone spongy bone - ANSWER - contains numerous spaces - makes up the ends and centers of the bones osteoblasts - ANSWER - form bone tissue - *bl*ast - *b*i*l*d osteoclasts - ANSWER - degrade bone tissue - *c*last - *c*ut red marrow - ANSWER produce blood cells yellow marrow - ANSWER composed mostly of fat periosteum - ANSWER - covers bones, - contains osteoblasts and blood vessels that promote nourishment and formation of new bones Bone shapes - ANSWER - short bones (e.g., carpals), - long bones (e.g., humerus, femur), - flat bones (e.g., sternum, ribs), - irregular bones (e.g., hips, vertebrae) fasciculi - ANSWER - long muscle fibers arranged together in bundles and joined by connective tissue Muscles - ANSWER - assist with posture, - produce body heat, - allow the body to move tendon - ANSWER - muscles to bones - strong fibrous cords ligament - ANSWER - bone to bone - flexible band of fibrous tissue bursae - ANSWER - fluid filled sac - cushion the joint abduction - ANSWER away from midline adduction - ANSWER toward midline circumduction - ANSWER circular motion inversion - ANSWER moving inward eversion - ANSWER moving outward extension - ANSWER - straightening at the joint - *increasing angle* of the joint hyperextension - ANSWER - joint bends greater than 180 degrees flexion - ANSWER - bending at the joint - *decreasing angle* at the joint dorsiflexion - ANSWER toes draw up toward the ankle plantarflexion - ANSWER toes point away from the ankle pronation - ANSWER turning or facing downward supination - ANSWER turning or facing upward protraction - ANSWER moving forward retraction - ANSWER moving backward rotation - ANSWER turning of a bone on its own long axis internal / medial rotation - ANSWER turning of a bone toward the center of the body external / lateral rotation - ANSWER turning of a bone away from the center of the body Goniometer - ANSWER instrument used to measure joint angles Joint / articulation - ANSWER - place where two bones or more meet - provide a variety of ranges of motion (ROM) *fibrous joints* - ANSWER - immovable - joined by fibrous connective tissue - sutures between skull bones *cartilaginous joints* - ANSWER - joined by cartilage - oints between vertebrae *synovial joints* - ANSWER - contain space between bones that is filled with *synovial fluid* - lubricant that promotes a sliding movement of the ends of the bones - joined by *ligaments* (bone to bone) - strong, dense bands of fibrous connective tissue - nclosed by a *fibrous capsule* made of connective tissue and connected to the periosteum - *articular cartilage* smooths and protects the bones that articulate with each other - some synovial joints contain *bursae* - small sacs filled with synovial fluid that serve to cushion the joint - shoulders, wrists, hips, knees, ankles