Psychology Final questions and answers

Psychology Final questions and answers Researchers studied frequency and amount of marijuana use in three groups of students (grades 6 to 8, grades 9 to 10, and grades 11 to 12) over five years. With this researchers can examine age- related changes and changes within the same individuals as they age. In addition, researchers can account for the possibility of cohort and/or time of measurement effects. -Answer-Sequential research design Dr. Petersen designed a correlational study to determine if time spent playing video games is related to obesity. What was the objective of this research? -Answer-To formally test whether a relationship exists between two or more variables A researcher conducted an in-depth study of a child who was raised in isolation and had no contact with same-age peers until age 10. This researcher detailed the child's development in a number of spheres: physical/motor, language/cognitive, social and emotional. What kind of research method is this? -Answer-Case study In a study of empathy across young adulthood to older adulthood, researchers found a negative correlation (r=-.75) between pathy and age. How is this finding interpreted? -Answer-Older adults tended to have lower empathy scores than younger adults To examine the effectiveness of two types of interventions for depression, researchers randomly assigned participants to a 12-week course of cognitive-behavioral therapy, a 12-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program, or a waitlist control group. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable? -Answer-Depression 33. Dr. Carlton conducts evaluation research of language enrichment programs for preschool children from low-income families. The objective of this research is to -Answer-Assess the effectiveness of an academic enrichment program changes in parenting style over time, as 34. A team of researchers is interested in studying children and parents grow older. One researcher states, "If we choose a then it Another researcher comments, "If we choose would be less time consuming and expensive. that design, then we have measurements of parenting can't be sure about changes with age over time." style for one point in time, and -Answer-Assess the effectiveness of an academic enrichment program 35. A researcher wants to understand parents' attitudes and opinions toward residential school programs for academically gifted students. This researcher would likely choose research method. -Answer-Survey 36. In a study of children, let's suppose that researchers found a positive correlation (r=.63) between creativity and resilience. How is this finding interpreted? -Answer-Children who score higher on measures of creativity also score higher on measures of resilience Suppose a group of researchers wants to investigate the relationship between daily mindfulness meditation and cortisol (stress hormone) levels in the body over a 20-year time period. Which research design would allow them to measure changes with age and within individuals over time, even though it would be expensive, limited to one cohort, take long time, and they might have people drop out of the study? -Answer-Longitudinal research design DeShawn has a hunch that people eat more pizza during football season. He and his friends want to test this theory, so they ask everyone they know about their pizza consumption and determine that, yes, pizza consumption does increase during the fall. DeShawn first wrote down his hypothesis, then surveyed his friends, and drew conclusions. DeShawn's research is -Answer- Biased because he only asked his friends and family A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between sensitivity to negative information over positive (i.e., negativity bias) and hours of sleep at night (i.e., average total sleep time). Correlational research would allow this researcher to -Answer-Identify patterns of relationships between two variables, negativity bias and average total sleep time Researchers conducted an experiment to study the effects of sleep training on sleep duration and quality. They randomly assigned some participants to a treatment condition where they received eight sessions of sleep enhancement training and some participants to a control condition where they did not receive the training. ndn.Ine negy din If the participants who received sleep enhancement training had better sleep duration and quality than the people who did not receive the training, then the researcher can conclude that the training works. What advantage of experimental research does this demonstrate? -Answer-Experimental research helps establish cause and effect relationships A couple arrives at a research lab to participate in a research study of psychosocial factors related to relationship satisfaction. After they learn about the study, they are asked to review a(n) which reviews the procedures to be used in the research, any expected risks benefits, as contract stating that they agree to participate in research. -Answer-Informed consent statement Using the scientific method, researchers should -Answer-Build upon earlier research to enhance understanding of a topic In a health class for middle schoolers, the instructor discusses puberty, to the embarrassment of the students, and reviews the biological factors involved in how their bodies are changing, the cognitive factors involved in more advanced thinking skills, the emotional factors involved in regulating feelings, and the social factors involved in bnavigating relationships. o vibar This illustrates which of Baltes' key principles of lifespan development? -Answer-Development is multidimensional Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that -Answer-Development is pla