Summary GCSE Chemistry Bonding Notes

Bonding-Chemistry

Types of Bonding:
Ionic Bonding= Metals + nonmetals (ions can be both nonmetals and metals).
Metallic Bonding= Metals (Self-explanatory).
Covalent Bonding= Nonmetals (odd one out).

Difference between Inter and Intramolecular forces;
Intermolecular Forces- Forces of attraction BETWEEN molecules.
Intramolecular Forces- Forces of attraction INSIDE molecules.

Ions:
Ions are atoms with a charge.
Metals lose electrons and have a positive charge (cations- cats make people
happy). More protons than electrons.
Nonmetals gain electrons and have a negative charge (anions). Less protons
than electrons.
Elements in groups 1-3 all lose the same amount of electrons as the group
number.

Ionic Bonding:
Ionic Bonds have strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
Transfer of Electrons.
Dot and Cross diagrams show Ionic Bonding- two SEPARATE circles.
Dot and Cross NEED brackets.
Between Metals and Nonmetals.
High Melting and Boiling Points; electrostatic forces of attraction.

Ionic Compounds:
Giant Ionic Lattice structures.
Ions form a closely packed regular lattice.
Very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
in all directions.
High Melting and Boiling points.
Don’t conduct electricity (when solid).
Many dissolve easily in water.

Covalent Bonding:
Between Nonmetals.
Molecule= 2 or more atoms joined together with Covalent Bonding.