Integumentary System Study Questions with Verified Solutions

Integumentary System Study Questions with Verified Solutions Integumentary System The integumentary system refers to the skin that covers the body. What are the three parts of the integumentary system? The three parts of the integumentary system are the skin, hair and nails. What are the functions of the integumentary system? Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. List the layers of skin from innermost to the outermost. The innermost layer of the skin is the hypodermis, the middle layer of the skin and the outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. What are melanin and carotene? Melani is a brownish-black pigment that can result in a black, brown. or yellow tint to the skin. This pigment can absorb ultraviolent light to tan the skin, and small concentrates of it form freckles. Carotene is a yellowish-red pigment that also influences the color of the skin. What are the two main glands in the skin and what are their functions? The two main glands in the skin are sudoriferous and sebaceous. The function of the sudoriferous is perspiration excreted through these pores eliminates excess water, heat, and a small amount of waste and salts. The function of the sebaceous is they produce sebum, which is an oil that keeps the skin and hair soft and pliable. It also acts as a barrier against bacteria and fungi to help prevent infections. What are the two parts of the hair? One part of the hair is the root that grows beneath the skin surface in a tube called a follicle. The other part of the hair is the shaft that protrudes from the skin and is visible. Albinism Albinism is an abnormal condition in which the skin has no pigment. Erythema Erythema is a reddish color of the skin that can be caused by burns or blood clogging in the vessels. Jaundice Jaundice is a yellow color of the skin that can indicate liver or gallbladder disease or other diseases where red blood cells are destoryed. Macule Macule is a flat, discovered spot on the skin; such as a freckle. Papule Papule is a raised, solid area less than 1 cm in diameter. Vesicle Vesicle is a raised, fluid-filled sac; such as a blister. Pustule Pustule is a pus-filled, raised sac; such as acne Crust Crust is dry pus or blood covering an injury; such as a scab. Wheal Wheal is a itchy, raised area with an irregular shape; such as a hive. Ulcer An ulcer is a open sore with deep loss of skin surface. Acne Vulgaris Acne vulgaris is a chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands. The exact cause is not known, but it is most likely caused by too much sebum being produced. Excess oil, dirt, or bacteria may block openings to the sebaceous glands or hair follicles. Treatment may involve a special skin washing routine, topical ointments, antibiotics, and exposure to ultraviolet light. Heavy creams and makeup should be avoided. Contact Dermatitis Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that can be caused by anything that irritates the skin. It is often an allergic reaction to pollen, detergents, cosmetics, or even food. Symptoms include redness, itching, swelling, and blisters. Treatment involves removing the irritant that is causing the problem. After the area is washed, topical ointments may also be applied. Eczema Eczema is chronic, noncontagious inflammation of the skin. Diet, soaps, cosmetics, medications, and stress can all cause eczema. Symptoms include dry, red, itchy, and scaly skin. Treatment involves removing the irritant and applying topical medications containing hydrocortisone. Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder in which too many epidermal cells are produced in the body. The exact cause is not known, but the disorder may be triggered by stress. Symptoms include dry red patches covered with silvery-white scales on the trunk, arms, hands, legs, and scalp. Treatment may relieve symptoms, but there is no cure. Treatment involves topical ointments, removal of scales, and exposure to ultraviolet light. Cyanosis Cyanosis is a bluish color of the skin that is caused by a lack of oxygen.